In this study, the author Special attention is paid to the views of IRI seeks to identify and analyze the civiliza- leaders (R. Khomeini, A. Khamenei), Islamic tional foundations and characteristics of the ideologists on the nature of power and govstate in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). ernance in Islam, the purpose and priorities of the Islamic state; analysis of the Iranian initiative ‘dialogue of civilizations’ and Iran’s place in the world integration processes, such as BRICS. It is shown that in the era of profound transformation of the world order, the current paradigms and instruments of state power, primarily geopolitical, are becoming obsolete, and the demand for a civilizational approach is growing. In this context, the question of the nature of the state and the limits of its participation in global processes is actualized.  In the centre of attention is the problem of conformity of the state as an instrument for the implementation of the original mission of the Iranian people. The methodological basis of the study was a comprehensive approach, historical, comparative and comparative methods of analysis were applied to identify the peculiarities of the state and civilization in Iran in the context of considering the main cultural and religious characteristics of this country. It was concluded that achieving integrity (Tawhid) in the comprehensive development strategy of the country is one of the challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran today.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the Eurasian thought in Turkey. The analysis of the works of Turkish specialists devoted to Russian Eurasianism shows that they pay special attention to a number of points. Firstly, they indicate the naturalness of such an ideological thought for Russia, which seeks to become the leading state of Eurasia and oppose itself to Western countries. Secondly, the great role of V.V. Putin’s coming to power, under whose leadership the country began to transform its foreign policy, devoting more and more time to the post-Soviet space, is noted. A distinctive feature of Tur- kish researchers’ analysis of Russian Eura- sianism was an attempt to present it in a negative way. There is a tendency to present Russia’s Eurasian policy as “neo-imperial”, seeking to take control of this geography. The problem of misunderstanding Eurasianism by Turkish researchers and incorrect interpretation of Russia’s actions and messages in relation to Eurasia is obvious. The development of Eurasian thought in Turkey itself is due to a narrow understanding of Eurasia within the framework of the Caucasus and Central Asia. A number of currents of Eurasianism were formed, including nationalist, multiculturalist and Western Eurasianism. The nationalist understanding of Eurasianism has become prevalent in Turkish scientific discourse. As a result, Eurasianism began to be associated with pan-Turkism and Turkey’s policy towards Turkic states and peoples. Turkish researchers emphasize the importance of the Turkic states within Eurasia and their key role in this geography, which can be the basis for increasing their role in this region. This circumstance determines Turkey’s more active policy in the “Turkic world” in order to gain regional leadership in it. Turkish Eurasianism, devoid of basic concepts and principles, could not form into an adequate ideology or country within the framework of the country’s foreign policy.

The article is a brief excursion into the history of the Mongolian vertical script (Mongol bichig, or Mongolian Uyghur – the Uyghur alphabet adapted to the Mongolian language in the 13th century), which passed through a number of attempts of reforming and adaptation to the spoken languages of peoples in different historical periods, but has survived to this day as a relevant communicative means, a universal method of communication between the Mongolian peoples and an element of national culture. The processes of translation of the languages of the Mongolian peoples into the Latin alphabet and Cyrillic alphabet, occurring in the 1920s–1940s in the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic, are touched upon. The problems of restoration of traditional vertical writing as the official graphic basis, as well as its revival in the art of calligraphy, the popularity of which has increased sharply in recent years are also considered. A review of modern language situations in the main regions of traditional Mongolian writing distribution – Russia, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia of China – shows that the ancient written tradition has not died out and, adapting to various conditions and realities of language policies pursued in the interests of states, is successfully taking on new forms , having a positive impact on the preservation and development of national languages today.

The People’s Republic of China at the moment is a symbiosis of ancient and modern, self-sufficient and open, peaceful and tough. Such a yin-yang has existed throughout China’s history as a civilisation-state. Nowadays, realising the fundamental changes on the world stage, and having sufficient resources (political, economic and ideological and value-based) to do so, Beijing seeks to take the role of a conscious pragmatic leader in a multipolar world. It recognises the existence of other ‘civilisational states’ and, while they are still unformed in their status, not only builds comprehensive links with them and involves them in its own picture of the world by proposing a triad of initiatives, but also generally builds them into a ‘community of the common destiny of mankind’ with the Chinese specificity and discursive hegemony. China, as a strong power-civilisation, is now able not only to ‘inspire’ and propose ideas and values that are streamlined in their formulation, but is also ready to control their implementation. The purpose of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the People’s Republic of China’s ‘selfhood’ and its ability to shape its own ideological and value spaces. The paper uses linguistic, historical, socio-cultural methods of analysis, which allows us to consider this topic comprehensively.

The article provides an assessment of the current ethnoracial composition of the US population in structural and territorial aspects based on US Census data from 2000, 2010 and 2020. To describe the model of ethnoracial development in the United States, the author introduces the index of group distance in society, taking into account intergroup marriage preferences, and the index of interracial integration of the population, based on the calculation of social distances between racial groups. Intergroup distance of racial groups is calculated on the basis of data on multiple origins of origin, as the resulting characteristics of the most important type of interaction between different groups – marriage. Based on the calculated values of the intergroup distance index, a diagram of the modern racial and ethnic organization of the US population is proposed, reflec- ting the specifics of the ethnic development of the state. Two opposing trends in the transformation of the ethnoracial structure of the US population are identified: ethnic development according to the “melting pot” principle among the representatives of the “old immigration” within racial groups and in “contact zones” and the fragmentation of society according to the “salad bowl” principle. For macroregions of the United States, in accordance with the calculated values o f the index of interracial integration of the population for 2010, the prevailing options for ethnoracial development are indicated in accordance with the deve- lopment of assimilation processes, or, conversely, fragmentation of society. Further, based on the data from the 2010 and 2020 censuses, a quantitative assessment of the transformation of intergroup marital interaction in the macroregions of the United States was made. In conclusion, the results of the quantitative analysis of intergroup marital interaction are correlated with the potential risks of local or large-scale interracial conflicts in macroregions of the United States. The greatest risks of social and political destabilization are found the states that are part of macroregions with a low index of interracial integration and, accordingly, high social tension: the states of the Southeast and Northeast of the Center and the South Atlantic.

The article reveals the problem of “catching up” with the model of self-awareness and delayed worldview re­flection in connection with the historioso- phical concept of pseudomorphosis proposed by Oswald Spengler. The problem is inves­tigated in the optics of a new methodology of tradition-civilization as an indissoluble sociocultural complex. The article shows that the Russian philosophical and social thought proposed two large-scale programs to overcome the pseudomorphological type of development: Pochvennichestvo in the 19^th century and Eurasianism in the 20^th century. The creation of such programs represented a kind of jerks provoked by an identity crisis. Pochvennichestvo has ad­vanced from its environment and defended the original theory of civilizations (cultural and historical types) of Nikolai Danilevsky. This program and N. Danilevsky's system were a reaction to Russia's defeat in the Crimean War and the collapse of the illu­sions of Eurocentrism and Russia's organic entry into the family of European states. In turn, Eurasianism was formed as a world­view response to the cascade of revolutions of the early 20^th century and the continua­tion of a radical Western pseudomorphosis at a different level. The proposed two pro­grams were not only reactive, but also pro­active: they comprehended the historical traumas experienced by Russia, and at the same time forecasts and scenarios of the fu­ture were built, and an impulse was given to a comprehensive scientific study of Russia as a civilization.

The article is devoted to the study of green nationalism as a so­cio-political phenomenon combining envi­ronmental and nationalist aspects through the analysis of environmental protests in national communities. The paper investigat­ed the evolution and dynamics of environ­mental protests in the republics of the USSR during the period of perestroika, as well as modern environmental movements in Russian regions (Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug). The main focus is on how environmental protests are intertwined with nationalist ideas, turning into a tool for political mobi­lization. The research methodology is based on historical, discursive, comparative and content methods of analysis, which made it possible to study the evolution of green nationalism, as well as identify regional features and general patterns of protest ac­tivity. In conclusion, the correlation of green and resource nationalism in the late Soviet and post-Soviet periods is noted. These ar­eas may conflict, but they are able to inte­grate during a period of political mobiliza­tion and defending national interests. The basis for overcoming internal contradictions and strengthening the unity of society in a multinational state can be an identity based on multiethnic, multi-confessional and cul­tural diversity. The main conclusions of the study emphasize that the causes of green nationalism is an important factor in pre­venting the radicalization of political sen­timent in the country. The development of green patriotism as a more constructive and progressive alternative to the development of national communities will help to play a key role in this.

The article is devoted to the concept of “civilization state” as a di­rection in the development of civilizational theory. It analyzes the history of scientific application of the concept of civilization, the content, composition and structure of civilizations, historical and geopolitical determinants of the confrontation between the West and Russia, the deepening of the civilizational confrontation “West - Rus­sia” in the 21^st century, the phenomena of “nation state” and “civilization state”, the civilizationally determined trends of transformation of the modern world or­der. Initially used to describe the social and political life in different countries, at the turn of the 19^th - 20^th centuries civilization theory became an independent scientific direction. Its breakthrough achievement was the understanding of history as a mul­titude of local civilizations with unique specificity. The analysis of the content, composition and structure of local civi­lizations, their subsystems and elements united into unique integral conglomerates became a promising direction of civiliza­tion research. Historical and geopolitical determinants of the confrontation between the West and Russia, its deepening in the 21^st century are explored. Particular atten­tion is paid to “nation states” and “civili­zation states” as terms widely used in con­temporary civilizational theory, reflecting different civilization-determined ways of domestic and foreign policy behavior of the states. Assumptions are formulated about their further coexistence and interaction, upcoming transformations of the world or­der, and the new stage in the development of civilizational theory.

The article presents the possibilities of library and scientometric analysis in determining the structure, the­matic coverage, leading scientific institu­tions and educational organizations, au­thors and editorial teams of the scientific field of the study of civilizations and the methodology of the civilizational approach. The contribution of Russian authors in the development of this approach and especially the staff of the Russian Academy of Scien­ces, in particular the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Rus­sian Academy of Sciences, is clarified. A comprehensive study of a particular sub­ject area is carried out on the basis of the eLibrary Scientific Electronic Library tool­kit. In the article considerable attention is paid to a new type of search using artificial intelligence (“neuropoisk”), identifying its advantages and disadvantages, as well as defining the subject area of the “civilization­al approach” using the keyword search. The importance of publications on library sci­ence, bibliography and book studies in the development of this topic is analyzed, the prospects for the use of library and sciento- metric analysis are determined.

The article presents a re­view of the book by M.F. Staiano “Chinese Law and Its International Projection: Buil­ding a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind”, published in Singapore in 2023. The book under review examines the pecu­liarities of the Chinese law, the evolution of which is influenced by national reforms and international law. On the one hand, the Chi­nese legal system is based on the traditional values of the Chinese culture. national law and the norms and principles of internatio­nal law included in this system, on the other hand, the internal change in the Chinese law and the projects proposed by China to build a “Community with a shared future” and “Belt and Road Initiative” reflect the “feedback”, i.e. the impact of the postulates of the Chinese law on the development of international law and international relations in order to create a “Common future for mankind”. In its inter­national relations, China, implementing va­rious programs and action plans, is guided by its own hierarchical system of values and the importance of friendly relations with a par­ticular state and international organizations. The author, based on Confucian philosophy and the attitudes of the Chinese Commu­nist Party, tries to understand how and why this way the People's Republic of China ope­rates in the field of international relations. The concept of creating a “Community with a shared future” suggests building interna­tional relations based on common interests, the “comprehensive rule of law”; it promotes the establishment of a new multipolar world order to protect fundamental rights, interna­tional fairness and justice.