Social Differentiation in the “New” Immigration Centers (on the Immigrants Settlement Pattern Example)
Abstract
The article reveals the features of the intra-urban areas social differentiation on the example of immigrants’ (and / or foreigners) settlement pattern in cities that can be called “new” immigration centers. The cities such as Madrid, Berlin, Rome, Lisbon and Moscow, for various reasons shown in the article, have begun to face an increase in immigrant flows over the past thirty years. These cities are the research objects, and its main goal is to find the features of the immigrants’ settlement and reveal how it affects social differentiation. It turned out that Madrid and Rome are united by a relatively new increase in the number of immigrants over the past 30 years. In Berlin, the situation is complicated by its long history of dividing the city into West Berlin and East Berlin, which, even after German reunification, affects the city’s social differentiation. Madrid and Rome have been the leaders in the growth of migration since the 1990s. However, the influx of immigrants to Madrid has been influenced by geopolitical events, so there has been a decline in immigration growth since 2008. Since 2016, the influx of immigrants to Madrid has been on the rise again. Lisbon is characterized by a separate settlement of labor immigrants from former colonial countries and wealthier immigrants from the European Union. In general, Lisbon, Madrid and Rome are similar in the post-industrial city features, that is the southern Europe cities’ characteristics. In Moscow, due to the statistics lack, it is difficult to consider the peculiarities of the immigrants settlement pattern. There are no ethnic ghettos in Moscow yet, because the migration history is not so long. Perhaps the main social tension is made by internal migrants, whose urbanization level and socio-ethnic and cultural characteristics are fundamentally different from those in Moscow.
Keywords
social differentiation,
social stratification,
European capitals,
resettlement of immigrants,
housing prices territorial differentiation,
Madrid,
Berlin,
Rome,
Lisbon,
Moscow
Supporting agencies: The article was prepared within the study financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no 19-18-00251) and realized at the MGIMO-University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
About the Author
D. P. Shatilo
Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences (INION RAN)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Daria P. Shatilo, PhD in Geographic Science, Senior Researcher
Nakhimovsky Avenue, 51/21, Moscow, 117418
References
1. Atlante Delle Disuguaglianze A Roma (2016). Roma: Camera di Commercio Roma, 105 pp.
2. Bailey N., van Gent W., Musterd S. (2017). Remaking Urban Segregation: Processes of Income. Sorting and Neighbourhood Change. Population Space and Place, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1–16. DOI: 10.1002/ psp.2013.
3. Barbash N. (1986). Methodology for studying the territorial differentiation of the urban environment. Moscow : IGAN USSR, 182 pp. (in Russian).
4. Barómetro de inmigración de la comunidad de Madrid (2016). Madrid : Comunidad de Madrid, 37 pp.
5. Bityukova V., Makhrova A., Sokolova Ye. (2006). The ecological situation as a factor in the differentiation of housing prices in Moscow. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography, no. 6, pp. 34–41 (in Russian).
6. Causi M., Guerrieri G. (2018). Il patrimonio immobiliare abitativo a Roma: evoluzione, divari fra centro e periferie, sperequazione tributaria. Roma moderna e contemporane, vol. XXV, issue 1–2, pp. 147–174.
7. City Migration Profile: Lisbon (2017). S. l. : The European Union, Mediterranean City-to-City Migration Project (MC2CM), 95 pp.
8. Fonseca M.L. (2002). Immigration and spatial change: The Lisbon experience. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1065–1086. DOI: 10.1080/1369183042000286250.
9. Galster G., Killen S. (1995). The geography of metropolitan opportunity: A reconnaissance and conceptual framework. Housing Policy Debate, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7–43.
10. Grzegorczyk A. (2014). The Paris suburbs – blessed or cursed? In: Czerny M., Hoyos Castillo G. (eds.) Suburbanization Versus Peripheral Sustainability of Rural-Urban Areas Fringes, Urban Development and Infrastructure Series, New York : Nova Publishers, 2014, pp. 89–102.
11. Immigrants In Lisbon: Routes of integration (2002). Lisboa : Universidade De Lisboa, Centro De Estudos Geográficos, 135 pp.
12. Jaczewska B., Grzegorczyk A. (2016). Residential segregation of metropolitan areas of Warsaw, Berlin and Paris. Geographia Polonica, vol. 89, issue 2, pp. 141–168.
13. Kapralov A. (2008). Socio-economic problems of immigrants’ settlements pattern Paris agglomeration. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography, no. 6, pp. 54–59 (in Russian).
14. Kemper F.J. (1998). Restructuring of Housing and Ethnic Segregation: Recent Developments in Berlin, Urban Studies, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1765–1789.
15. La popolazione di Roma (2010). Roma : Commissione Di Piano, 24 pp.
16. Lelo K., Monni S., Tomassi F. (2021). Le sette Rome: La capitale delle disuguaglianze raccontata in 29 mappe. S. l. : Donzelli Editore, 136 pp.
17. Lelo, K, Monni, S., Tomassi, F. (2017). Roma, tra centro e periferie: come incidono le dinamiche urbanistiche sulle disuguaglianze socio-economiche. Roma moderna e contemporane, vol. XXV, issue 1–2, pp. 131–146.
18. Makhrova A. (2008). Features of the stadial development of the Moscow metropolitan area. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography, no. 4, pp. 10–16 (in Russian).
19. Mkrtchyan N. (2009). Migration mobility in Russia: assessments and problems of analysis. SPERО, no. 11, pp. 149– 164 (in Russian). Available at: http://spero.socpol.ru/docs/N11_2009_08.pdf, accessed 10.06.2018.
20. Mkrtchyan N.V., Karachurina L.B. (2013). Migration and natural movement of the population of cities and administrative regions of Russia in 1990–2010: key factors of differences. Scientific works: Institute of Economic Forecasting RAS, vol. 11, pp. 95–114 (in Russian).
21. Mkrtchyan N., Florinskaya Yu. (2016). Socio-economic effects of labor migration from small cities of Russia. Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4, pp. 103–123 (in Russian). DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2016-4-103а123.
22. Paola R., De Capitani E. (2022). Digital Innovation and Migrants’ Integration: Notes on EU Institutional and Legal Perspectives and Criticalities. Social Sciences, vol. 11, no. 144, 12 pp. DOI: 10.3390/socsci11040144.
23. Peach C. (2002). Social geography: new religions and ethnoburbs – contrasts with cultural geography. Progress in Human Geography, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 252–260.
24. Peach C. (2009). Slippery segregation: discovering or manufacturing ghettos? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1381–1395. DOI: 10.1080/13691830903125885.
25. Pickvance C. (1994). Housing privatisation and home protest in the transition from state socialism : a comparative study of Budapest and Moscow. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 433–451.
26. Plano Municipal para a Integração de Migrantes de Lisboa 2018–2020 (2020). Lisboa : Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 121 pp.
27. Popolazione Straniera (2019). Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Ufficio metropolitano di Statistica, Roma Capitale : Ufficio di Statistica, 18 pp.
28. Popov А. (2007). Territorial differentiation of the quality of the urban environment in Moscow. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography, no. 4, pp. 29–36 (in Russian).
29. Popov A., Saulskaya T., Shatilo D. (2016). The Industrial Zones as а Factor of Ecological Situation and Housing Prices Variation in Moscow. Ecology and Industry of Russia, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 32–38 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2016-2-32-38.
30. Poulsen М. (2011). Using local statistics and neighbourhood classifications to portray ethnic residential segregation: A London example. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 636–658. DOI: 10.1068/b36094.
31. Residential Segregation in Comparative Perspective: Making Sense of Contextual Diversity (2012). Ed. by T. Maloutas and K. Fujita. London, New York : Routledge, 346 pp.
32. Shatilo D.P. Migrants in European capitals: socio-ethnic differentiation: monograph / D.P. Shatilo. – Moscow: DirectMedia, 2022. – 256 pp.
33. Shatilo D.P. (2015). Role of the residential real estate market in the ethnosocial differentiation of European capitals: London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, and Moscow. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Geograficheskaya, no. 1, pp. 48–63 (in Russian).
34. Shatilo D.P. (2018). Resettlement of immigrants as an important factor of social stratification in large European capitals. In: Revich B.A., Kuznetsova O.V. (eds). Human in megalopolis: a cross-disciplinary study. Moscow : Lenand, pp. 469–486 (in Russian).
35. Shatilo D.P. (2021a). Social space transformation in global cities: Analytical review. Moscow: INION RAN, 78 pp. (in Russian). DOI: 10.31249/citispace/2021.00.00.
36. Shatilo D.P. (2021b). Ethno-social spatial structure of the population in London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, and Moscow. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography, no. 2, pp. 54–66 (in Russian).
37. Schulz M. (1993). Transformation des Berliner Wohnungsmarktes. Mitteilungen Österreichische Geographische Gesellschaft, no. 135, pp. 63–86.
38. Sluka N. (2009). Geo-demographic phenomena of global cities. Smolensk : Oykumena. 317 pp. (in Russian).
39. Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West (2015) / Ed. by Tammaru T., Marcinczak S., Van Ham M., Musterd S.. London : Routledge, 414 pp.
40. Transformation of environmental problems in Moscow: sociological dimension (2016) / Bityukova V., Savoskul M., Kirillov P., Koldobskaya N. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, no. 4, pp. 74–87.
41. Treyvish A. (2017). Schemes of the averaged regions of Russia: an attempt to model “from below”. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Geograficheskaya, no. 6, pp. 5–18 (in Russian).
42. Truschenko O. (1995). The prestige of the center: Urban social segregation in Moscow. Moscow : Socio-Logos, 112 pp. (in Russian).
43. Tshitshi K. (2012). Migraciones y convivencia urbana. Un estudio comparativo sobre los conflictos sociales y la segregación residencial en 6 ciudades europeas. Comunidad de Madrid, Cuaderno N 8, 162 pp.
44. Uslaner E. (2012). Segregation and Mistrust: Diversity, Isolation, and Social Cohesion. New York : Cambridge University Press, 284 pp.
45. Van der Meer T., Tolsma J. (2014). Ethnic diversity and its effects on social cohesion. Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 459–478.
46. Vendina O., Panin A., Tikunov V.(2019). Social space of Moscow: features and structure. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Geograficheskaya, no. 6, pp. 115–122 (in Russian).
47. Vendina O. (2009). Cultural diversity and side effects of ethnocultural policy in Moscow. In: Immigrants in Moscow. Ed. by Zh.A. Zayonchkovskaya. Moscow : Three Tri kvadrata, pp. 45–148 (in Russian).
48. Vendina O., Pain E. (2018). Multiethnic city. Problems and prospects of managing cultural diversity in major cities. Moscow : Sector, 184 pp. (In Russian).
49. Zayonchkovskaya Zh. (2012). Migration as a factor in economic development. In: Polyan P.M., Turun P.P. (eds.) People and maps: geographical aspects of population research: collection of articles. Stavropol : SSU Publishing House, pp. 73–83 (in Russian).
50. Zhenshchiny-migranty… (2011) / Zayonchkovskaya Zh.A., Karachurina L.B., Mkrtchyan N.V., Poletaev D.V., Florinskaya Yu.F. Women migrants from the CIS countries to Russia. Moscow : MAKS Press, 119 pp. (in Russian).
51. Zubarevich N. (2019). Spatial Development Strategy: Priorities and Tools. Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1, pp. 135–145 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Shatilo D.P. Social Differentiation in the “New” Immigration Centers (on the Immigrants Settlement Pattern Example). Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law. 2022;15(3):183-215. (In Russ.)
Views:
719
Email this article 