Self-organization of Citizens in the Age of Digital Communications
https://doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-14
Abstract
The article addresses the issue of civic participation in online communities. It is shown that modern network technologies make it easy to combine institutionalized forms of civic participation with informal practices through social media. In today’s digital world, unique activities have appeared that were not feasible before the introduction of online technologies: hacktivism as a new type of civil disobedience, Internet propaganda, the viral launch of hashtags and challenges in TikTok, monitoring of electoral procedures for webcams, etc. According to the author of the article Numerous publications by scientists about the deep crisis of civil society institutions, in fact, do not describe the decline in civic participation, but its complication and reorientation to more non-hierarchical and creative practices with t ud amenable to analysis by customary methods. According to the author, the increasing influence of information and communication technologies on the political process has contributed to a refocusing of civic activism towards the mediation of politics and media activism. The article emphasizes that the capabilities of Internet technologies contribute to the alienation of citizens from real problems, the rooting of virtual imitation of civic participation, forming the so-called foci of fake activism.
The article presents an analysis of a new form of citizen activity – online rallies. The April case of online rallies in 2020 is analyzed in detail using the “Talkers” service of the popular car navigator from Yandex. It is concluded that online rallies will gradually be introduced into the Russian political process. In this regard, online space is becoming more polarized and politically dangerous. It is proved that the self-organization of citizens in online communities contributes to the slow transformation of the existing institutional framework.
About the Author
I. A. BronnikovRussian Federation
Ivan A. Bronnikov
PhD in Politics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Russian Politics Chair, Faculty of Political Science
119991, Lomonosovskij Av., 27-4, Moscow, Russian Federation
References
1. Arkhipova A.S., Radchenko D.A., Titkov A.S., Kozlova I.V., Yugai E.F., Belyanin S.V., Gavrilova M.V. (2018) “Rally Rebuild”: Internet in Protest and Protest on the Internet. Monitoring of Pub- lic Opinion, no 1, pp. 12–35 (in Russian). DOI: 10.14515/monitoring.2018.1.02
2. Baiocchi G., Ganuza E. (2016) Popular Democracy: The Paradox of Participation, Stanford University Press.
3. Barbera P., Casas A., Nagler J., Egan P., Bonneau R., Jost J., Tucker J. (2019) Who Leads? Who Follows? Measuring Issue Attention and Agenda Setting by Legislators and the Mass Public Using Social Media Data. American Political Science Review, vol. 113, no 4, pp. 883–901. DOI: 10.1017/S0003055419000352
4. Bard A., Zoderkvist Ya. (2004) Netocracy. New Ruling Elite and Life after Capitalism, Saint Petersburg: Stokgol’mskaja shkola ekonomiki v Sankt-Peterburge (in Russian).
5. Basheva O.A. (2020) Digital Activism as a New Method of Civil Mobilization. Research Result. Sociology and Management, vol. 6, no 1, pp. 41–57 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-1-0-4
6. Bennett L., Segerberg A. (2016) The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Information, Communication & Society, vol. 15, no 5, pp. 739–768. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
7. Bode N., Makarychev A. (2013) The New Social Media in Russia: Political Blogging by the Government and the Opposition. Problems of Post-Communism, vol. 60, pp. 53–62. DOI: 10.2753/PPC1075-821660020
8. Burenko V.I. (2018) Politics in the Context of Mythology: History and Modernity. PolitBook, no 3, pp. 66–80. Available at: http://politbook.online/images/pdf/PolitBook2018_Issue_3.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
9. Castells M. (2013) Communication Power, OUP Oxford.
10. Castells M., Cardoso G. (eds.) (2005) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy, Washington, DC: Center for Transatlantic Relations, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University.
11. Dalton R.J. (2017) The Participation Gap: Social Status and Political Inequality, Oxford University Press.
12. Dalton R.J. (2018) Political Realignment: Economics, Culture, and Electoral Change, Oxford University Press.
13. De Filippi P. (2018) Citizenship in the Era of Blockchain-based Virtual Nations. Debating Transformations of National Citizenship (ed. Bauböck R.), Springer, Cham, pp. 267–277.
14. Digital in 2020 (2020). Available at: https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020, accessed 21.05.2020.
15. Garr T.R. (2005) Why Do People Rebel, Saint Petersburg: Piter (in Russian).
16. Giddens A. (1991) Modernity and Selfidentity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Stanford University Press.
17. Hughes Ch. (2019) It’s Time to Break up Facebook. The New York Times, May 9, 2019. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/09/opinion/sunday/chrishughes-facebook-zuckerberg.html, accessed 21.05.2020.
18. Internet User Statistics & 2020 Population for the 53 European Countries and Regions (2020). Internet World Stats, March, 2020. Available at: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats4.htm, accessed 21.05.2020.
19. Kahne J., Middaugh E., Allen D. (2015) Youth, New Media, and the Rise of Participatory Politics. From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in a Digital Age (eds. Allen D., Light J.S.), Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 35–58.
20. Keyboard Protest (2020). Center for Political Conjuncture, April 27, 2020. Available at: http://cpkr.ru/issledovaniya/budushchee/klaviaturnyy-protest/, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
21. Kochetkov A.P. (2013) Netokratizm. POLIS, no 4, pp. 111–121. Available at: https://www.politstudies.ru/files/ File/2013/4/10.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
22. Kurbanova A.A. (2019) Online Petition Practices in Social Media Coverage as a Form of Civic Activism. Opportunities and Threats of the Digital Society, pp. 54–59. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_41132947_84454018.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
23. Lanier J. (2011) You Are not a Gadget. Manifesto, Moscow: Corpus (in Russian).
24. Micheletti M., Stolle D. (2006) The Market as an Arena for Transnational Politics. Youth Activism, June 7, 2006. Available at: http://ya.ssrc.org/transnational/Micheletti_Stolle/, accessed 21.05.2020.
25. Micheletti M., Stolle D. (2008) Fashioning Social Justice through Political Consumerism, Capitalism, and the Internet. Cultural Studies, vol. 22, no 5, pp. 749–769. DOI: 10.1080/09502380802246009
26. Mukhametshina E. (2019) The Share of Russians Who Want to Participate in Politics Has Reached Its Highest in 12 Years. Vedomosti, January 23, 2019. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2019/01/23/792294-politike, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
27. Norris P. (2001) Digital Divide? Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Patrushev S.V. (2009) Civic Activism: An Institutional Approach (Research Perspectives). POLIS, no 6, pp. 24–32. Available at: https://www.politstudies.ru/files/File/2009/6/3.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
29. Peskov Advised not to Exaggerate the Situation with “Virtual Rallies” (2020). RBC, April 21, 2020. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5e9eb8209a79475b74fa7425, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
30. Petukhov V.V. (2019) Civic Participation: Interaction of Social and Political Practices. Sociological Studies, no 12, pp. 3–14 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31857/S013216250007743-0
31. Pilkington H., Pollock G. (2015) ‘Politics Are Bollocks’: Youth, Politics and Activism in Contemporary Europe. The Sociological Review, vol. 63, no S2, pp. 1–35. DOI: 10.1111/1467-954X.12260
32. Pyrma R.V. (2020) Concepts of Civil Activism in the Digital Communications Space. Vlast’, no 2, pp. 74–81. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_42780666_30998666.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
33. Skovikov A.K. (2017) Interaction of Civil Society with State Authorities in the Formation of Patriotism. PolitBook, no 3, pp. 34–44. Available at: http://politbook.online/images/pdf/PolitBook2017_Issue_3.pdf, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
34. Theocharis Y. (2015) The Conceptualization of Digital Networked Participation. Social Media + Society, vol. 1, no 2, pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1177/2056305115610140
35. Theocharis Y., de Moor J., van Deth J.W. (2019) Digitally Networked Participation and Lifestyle Politics as New Modes of Political Participation. Policy & Internet, December 15, 2019. DOI: 10.1002/poi3.231
36. Theocharis Y., Quintelier E. (2016) Stimulating Citizenship or Expanding Entertainment? The Effect of Facebook on Adolescent Participation. New Media & Society, vol. 18, no 5, pp. 817–836. DOI: 10.1177/1461444814549006
37. Theocharis Y., van Deth J.W. (2018) The Continuous Expansion of Citizen Participation: A New Taxonomy. European Political Science Review, vol. 10, no 1, pp. 139–163. DOI: 10.1017/S1755773916000230
38. van Deth J.W. (2001) Studying Political Participation: Towards a Theory of Everything. Available at: https://ru.scribd.com/document/373013898/2001-VAN-DETHStudying-Political-Participation-Towardsa- Theory-of-Everything, accessed 21.05.2020.
39. van Deth J.W. (2014) A Conceptual Map of Political Participation. Acta Politica, vol. 49, pp. 349–367. DOI: 10.1057/ap.2014.6
40. van Dijck J. (2013) The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media, Oxford University Press.
41. Volodenkov S.V., Artamonova Yu.D. (2020) Information Capsules as a Structural Component of Modern Political Internet Communication. Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, no 53, pp. 188–196. Available at: http://journals.tsu.ru/philosophy/&journal_page=archive&id=1935&article_id=43754, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
42. Zhang W., Seltzer T., Bichard S.L. (2013) Two Sides of the Coin: Assessing the Influence of Social Network Site Use during the 2012 US Presidential Campaign. Social Science Computer Review, vol. 31, no 5, pp. 542–551. DOI: 10.1177/0894439313489962
43. Yakimets V.N., Nikovskaja L.I. (2019) Civil Participation, Intersectoral Partnership and Internet Technologies of Public Policy. Social and Humanitarian Studies, vol. 5, no 3, pp. 208–223. Available at: http://www.j.uniyar.ac.ru/index.php/dnk/article/view/849/700, accessed 21.05.2020 (in Russian).
44. Zhelnina A.A., Tykanova E.V. (2019) Formal and Informal Civic Infrastructures: Modern Studies of Urban Local Activism in Russia. The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 22, no 1, pp. 162–192 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31119/jssa.2019.22.1.8
Review
For citations:
Bronnikov I.A. Self-organization of Citizens in the Age of Digital Communications. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law. 2020;13(2):269-285. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-14