Digital Economy and Trends of Political Development in Modern Societies
https://doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-6
Abstract
The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the possible consequences of the digital transformation of modern societies. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of three political and economic models of digital transformation: the cognitive capitalism model, sharing economy (the peer production economy) model and the digital totalitarianism model. It is concluded that these theoretical models reflect conflicting trends in the development of society at the stage of digital transformation. The authors suggest that in reality a wide range of mixed political and economic models of a digital society will emerge, each of which will include a particular combination of analyzed ideal types. The implementation of this or that model will depend on a group of factors, including: the national structure of the economy, the system of international relations, the territorial structure of urbanization and the ability (political, economic and technological) of a particular national state to maintain its sovereignty in the digital world.
About the Authors
V. D. NechaevRussian Federation
Vladimir D. Nechaev
DSc in Politics, Assistant Professor, Vice President of the Russian Association of Political Science
299053, Universitetskaya St., 33, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
S. Yu. Belokonev
Russian Federation
PhD in Politics, Assistant Professor, Director of the Department of Politics and Mass Communication
129053, Leningradsky Av., 49, Moscow, Russian Federation
References
1. th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2016), CHI EA. 7–12 May 2016.
2. A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe (2015). European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digitalsingle-market/en/content/european-digital-strategy, accessed 20.05.2020.
3. Alizadeh T., Farid R. (2017) Political Economy of Telecommunication Infrastructure: An Investigation of the National Broadband Network Early Rollout and Pork Barrel Politics in Australia. Telecommunications Policy, vol. 41, no 4, pp. 242–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2017.02.002
4. Bauwens M. (2005) The Political Economy of Peer Production. Ctheory.net, December 1, 2005. Available at: http://ctheory.net/ctheory_wp/the-political-economyof-peer-production/, accessed 20.05.2020.
5. Bennett W.L. (2012) The Personalization of Politics: Political Identity, Social Media, and Changing Patterns of Participation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 644, no 1, pp. 20–39. DOI: 10.1177/0002716212451428
6. Bergquist M., Ljungberg J. (2001) The Power of Gifts: Organizing Social Relationships in Open Source Communities. Information Systems Journal, vol. 11, no 4, pp. 305–320. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x
7. Coglianese C., Lehr D. (2017) Regulating by Robot: Administrative Decision Making in the Machine-learning Era. Georgetown Law Journal, vol. 105, no 5, pp. 1147–1223. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2928293, accessed 20.05.2020.
8. Coles-Kemp L., Ashenden D., O’Hara K. (2018) Why Should I? Cybersecurity, the Security of the State and the Insecurity of the Citizen. Politics and Governance, vol. 6, no 2, pp. 41–48. DOI: 10.17645/pag.v6i2.1333
9. Coleman S. (2018) Can the Internet Strengthen Democracy? Saint Petersburg: Aletheya (in Russian).
10. Couldry N., Mejias U.A. (2018) Data Colonialism: Rethinking Big Data’s Relation to the Contemporary Subject. Television and New Media, vol. 20, no 4, pp. 336–349. DOI: 10.1177/1527476418796632
11. Cowan R., David P.A., Foray D. (2000) The Explicit Economics of Knowledge Codification and Tacitness. Industrial and Corporative Change, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 211–253. DOI: 10.1093/icc/9.2.211
12. Criado J.I., Sandoval-Almazan R., Gil- Garcia J.R. (2013) Government Innovation through Social Media. Government Information Quarterly, vol. 30, no 4, pp. 319–326. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2013.10.003
13. Damon L. (1986) Freedom of Information versus National Sovereignty: The Need for a New Global Forum for the Resolution of Transborder Date Flow Problems. Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 10, no 2, pp. 262–287. Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1141&context=ilj, accessed 20.05.2020.
14. Datta A. (2018) The Digital Turn in Postcolonial Urbanism: Smart Citizenship in the Making of India’s 100 Smart Cities. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, vol. 43, no 3, pp. 405–419. DOI: 10.1111/tran.12225
15. De Filippi P., McCarthy S. (2012) Cloud Computing: Centralization and Data Sovereignty. European Journal of Law and Technology, vol. 3, no 2, pp. 1–21. Available at: http://ejlt.org/article/view/101/234, accessed 20.05.2020.
16. Efremov A.A. (2017) Formation of the Concept of State Information Sovereignty. Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, no 1, pp. 201–215 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17323/2072-8166.2017.1.201.215
17. Forest B. (2004) Information Sovereignty and GIS: The Evolution of “Communities of Interest” in Political Redistricting. Political Geography, vol. 23, no 4, pp. 425–451. DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2003.12.010
18. Fung A. (2015) Putting the Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation and Its Future. Public Administration Review, vol. 75, no 4, pp. 513–522. DOI: 10.1111/puar.12361
19. Gilman H.R. (2016) Democracy Reinvented: Participatory Budgeting and Civic Innovation in America, USA: New America and Harvard’s Ash Center for Democratic Innovation and Governance.
20. Giraud E. (2015) Subjectivity 2.0: Digital Technologies, Participatory Media and Communicative Capitalism. Subjectivity, vol. 8, no 2, pp. 124–146. DOI: 10.1057/sub.2015.5
21. Gong W. (2005) Information Sovereignty Reviewed. Intercultural Communication Studies, vol. 14, no 1, pp. 119–135. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.465.6373&rep=rep1&type=pdf, accessed 20.05.2020.
22. Gorz A. (2007) Knowledge, Value and Capital. To the Criticism of the Knowledge Economy. Logos, no 4(61), pp. 5–63 (in Russian).
23. Hamari J., Sjöklint M., Ukkonen A. (2016) The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, vol. 67, no 9, pp. 2047–2059. DOI: 10.1002/asi.23552
24. Hanna P., Vanclay F., Langdon E.J., Arts J. (2016) Conceptualizing Social Protest and the Significance of Protest Actions to Large Projects. Extractive Industries and Society, vol. 3, no 1, pp. 217–239. DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.10.006
25. Havu K. (2017) The EU Digital Single Market from a Consumer Standpoint: How Do Promises Meet Means? Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 146–183. DOI: 10.22381/CRLSJ9220179
26. Helbing D. (2018) Digital Fascism Rising? Towards Digital Enlightenment: Essay on the Dark and Light Sides of the Digital Revolution (ed. Helbing D.), Zurich: CLU 1, ETH Zurich, pp. 99–102.
27. Herrera L. (2015) Citizenship under Surveillance: Dealing with the Digital Age. International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 47, no 2, pp. 354–356. DOI: 10.1017/S0020743815000100
28. Hindman M. (2008) The Myth of Digital Democracy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
29. Irion K. (2012) Government Cloud Computing and National Data Sovereignty. Policy and Internet, vol. 4, no 3–4, pp. 40–71. DOI: 10.1002/poi3.10
30. Ismagilova E., Hughes L., Dwivedi Y.K., Raman K.R. (2019) Smart Cities: Advances in Research – An Information Systems Perspective. International Journal of Information Management, vol. 47, pp. 88–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.004
31. Janowski T. (2015) Digital Government Evolution: From Transformation to Contextualization. Government Information Quarterly, vol. 32, no 3, pp. 221–236. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.001
32. Jordana J. (2017) Transgovernmental Networks as Regulatory Intermediaries: Horizontal Collaboration and the Realities of Soft Power. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 670, no 1, pp. 245–262. DOI: 10.1177/0002716217694591
33. Kamolov S.G. (2017) Digital Public Governance: Trends and Risks. Giornale di Storia Costituzionale, vol. 33, no 1, pp. 185–194.
34. Karim R., Bonhi T.C., Afroze R. (2019) Governance of Cyberspace: Personal Liberty vs. National Security. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol. 8, no 11, pp. 2636–2641. Available at: https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/nov2019/Governance-Of-Cyberspace-Personal-Liberty-Vs-National-Security.pdf, accessed 20.05.2020.
35. Keane J. (2013) Democracy and Media Decadence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Kim S., Lee J. (2012) E-Participation, Transparency, and Trust in Local Government. Public Administration Review, vol. 72, no 6, pp. 819–828. DOI: 10.111/j.1540-6210.2012.02593.x
37. Klusterman R.C. (2010) This Is not America: Embedding the Cognitive- cultural Urban Economy. Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography, vol. 92, no 2, pp. 131–143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0467.2010.00338.x
38. Knuth R. (1999) Sovereignty, Globalism, and Information Flow in Complex Emergencies. Information Society, vol. 15, no 1, pp. 11–19. DOI: 10.1080/019722499128637
39. Kostakis V. (2012) The Political Economy of Information Production in the Social Web: Chances for Reflection on Our Institutional Design. Contemporary Social Science, vol. 7, no 3, pp. 305–319. DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2012.691988
40. Kostakis V., Roos A., Bauwens M. (2016) Towards a Political Ecology of the Digital Economy: Socio-environmental Implications of Two Competing Value Models. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, vol. 18, pp. 82–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.eist.2015.08.002
41. Kwet M. (2019) Digital Colonialism: US Empire and the New Imperialism in the Global South. Race and Class, vol. 60, no 4, pp. 3–26. DOI: 10.1177/0306396818823172
42. Lee C.-P., Chang K., Berry F.S. (2011) Testing the Development and Diffusion of E-Government and E-Democracy: A Global Perspective. Public Administration Review, vol. 71, no 3, pp. 444–454. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02228.x
43. Loader B.D., Mercea D. (2011) Introduction Networking Democracy? Social Media Innovations and Participatory Politics. Information Communication and Society, vol. 14, no 6, pp. 757–769. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2011.592648
44. Mahmoudi D., Levenda A. (2016) Beyond the Screen: Uneven Geographies, Digital Labor, and the City of Cognitive-cultural Capitalism. TripleC, vol. 14, no 1, pp. 99–220. Available at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/usp_fac/155/, accessed 20.05.2020.
45. Mann M., Daly A. (2019) Data and the North-in-South: Australia’s Informational Imperialism and Digital Colonialism. Television and New Media, vol. 20, no 4, pp. 379–395. DOI: 10.1177/1527476418806091
46. Manoylo A.V. (2008) The Model of Information- psychological Operation in International Conflicts. Low and Politics, no 6, pp. 1387–1394. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/modeli-informatsionno-psihologicheskogo-upravleniya-mezhdunarodnymi-konfliktami/viewer, accessed 20.05.2020 (in Russian).
47. Martin C.J. (2016) The Sharing Economy: A Pathway to Sustainability or a Nightmarish Form of Neoliberal Capitalism? Ecological Economics, vol. 121, pp. 149–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
48. Matveev I.A. (2012) Electronic Economy: Essence and Stages of Development. Management of Economic Systems: Electronic Scientific Journal, no 6(42), pp. 1–11. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/elektronnaya-ekonomika-suschnost-i-etapy-razvitiya/viewer, accessed 20.05.2020 (in Russian).
49. Mueller M., Mathiason J., Klein H. (2007) The Internet and Global Governance: Principles and Norms for a New Regime. Global Governance, vol. 13, no 2, pp. 237–254. DOI: 10.1163/19426720-01302007
50. Nechushtai E. (2018) Could Digital Platform Capture the Media through Infrastructure. Journalism, vol. 19, no 8, pp. 1043–1058. DOI: 10.1177/1464884917725163
51. Negroponte N. (1999) Being Digital, New York: Knopf.
52. OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015 (2015), Paris: OECD Publishing.
53. Pereira G.V., Parycek P., Falco E., Kleinhans R. (2018) Smart Governance in the Context of Smart Cities: A Literature Review. Information Polity, vol. 23, no 2, pp. 143–162. DOI: 10.3233/IP-170067
54. Polre B. (2008) Cognitive Capitalism on the March. Political Journal, no 2(179), pp. 66–72 (in Russian).
55. Powers S. (2014) Towards Information Sovereignty. Beyond NETmundial: The Roadmap for Institutional Improvements to the Global Internet Governance Ecosystem, Philadelphia: Center for Global Communication Studies, pp. 90–99.
56. Price M. (2002) Media and Sovereignty: The Global Information Revolution and Its Challenge to State Power, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
57. Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2017. No. 1632-r. Available at: http://static.government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7M0.pdf, accessed 20.05.2020 (in Russian).
58. Rabari Ch., Storper M. (2015) The Digital Skin of Cities: Urban Theory and Research in the Age of the Sensored and Metered City, Ubiquitous Computing and Big Data. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, vol. 8, no 1, pp. 27–42. DOI: 10.1093/cjres/rsu021
59. Richardson L. (2015) Performing the Sharing Economy. Geoforum, vol. 67, pp. 121–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.004
60. Scott A.J. (2008) Social Economy of Metropolis: Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the Global Resurgence of Cites, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
61. Scott A., Peters M.A. (2013) Cognitive- Cultural Production, Digital Labor and the New Frontiers of Knowledge. Knowledge Cultures, vol. 1, no 4, pp. 167–178. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281502483_Cognitive-Cultural_Production_Digital_Labour_And_The_New_Frontiers_Of_Knowledge_A_Conversation_With_Allen_J_Scott, accessed 20.05.2020.
62. Seely P. (2016) Envision the Digital Sustainability Panopticon: A Thought Experiment of How Big Data May Help Advancing Sustainability in the Digital Age. Sustainability Science, vol. 11, no 5, pp. 845–854. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-016-0381-5
63. Spencer D. (2017) Work in and beyond the Second Machine Age: The Politics of Production and Digital Technologies. Work, Employment and Society, vol. 31, no 1, pp. 142–152. DOI: 10.1177/0950017016645716
64. Taylor L. (2017) What Is Data Justice? The Case for Connecting Digital Rights and Freedoms Globally. Big Data and Society, vol. 4, no 2, pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1177/2053951717736335
65. Thatcher J., O’Sullivan D., Mahmoudi D. (2016) Data Colonialism through Accumulation by Dispossession: New Metaphors for Daily Data. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 34, no 6, pp. 990–1006. DOI: 10.1177/0263775816633195
66. Turner G. (2010) Ordinary People and the Media: The Demotic Turn, London:
67. Sage. Weber R.H. (2010) Internet of Things – New Security and Privacy Challenges. Computer Law and Security Review, vol. 26, no 1, pp. 23–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2009.11.008
68. West D.M. (2005) Digital Government: Technology and Public Sector Performance, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
69. Wolfson T. (2014) Digital Rebellion: The Birth of the Cyber Left, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
70. Youmans W.L., York, J.C. (2012) Social Media and the Activist Toolkit: User Agreements, Corporate Interests, and the Information Infrastructure of Modern Social Movements. Journal of Communication, vol. 62, no 2, pp. 315–329. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01636.x
71. Zeng J., Stevens T., Chen Y. (2017) China’s Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of “Internet Sovereignty”. Politics and Policy, vol. 45, no 3, pp. 432–464. DOI: 10.1111/polp.12202
Review
For citations:
Nechaev V.D., Belokonev S.Yu. Digital Economy and Trends of Political Development in Modern Societies. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law. 2020;13(2):112-133. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-6