THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL AND MACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES ON THE FUNDAMENTAL TRENDS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Structural and macroeconomic imbalances have been an inalienable  feature of the socio-economic development in the Middle East and  North Africa (MENA) since independence. Both types of  disproportions produce a negative impact upon fundamental  development trends in the region. Against this background, this  paper analyses the structure and hierarchies of imbalances in the  region of the Middle East and North Africa. The article argues that broad-range monitoring of fiscal and macroeconomic indicators  can facilitate the identification of emerging imbalances and provide  ways of overcoming them. The article contends that the natural and  climatic and resource factors quite rigidly determined the economic  profile of the region, which, in turn, predetermines the key structural  and macroeconomic imbalances that affect MENA  socio-economic development. The historical asymmetry in the  development of the MENA states, which for a long time had been parts of the British, French and Ottoman colonial empires, with their economic or strategic roles determined by the overseas rulers,  created prerequisites for the subsequent economic differentiation of  the countries of the region. Over the years of independence, the  uneven development of the initially similar agrarian-Bedouin  economies has increased dramatically as a result of the socio- economic policies carried out by the sovereign governments in  accordance with the resource capacities of each country. The authors categorise MENA countries, dividing them into five groups, depending on the nature and determinants of economic  development. The authors insist that almost all the current social  and economic problems of the region are related to its two  fundamental specific characteristics: colossal rental incomes (mainly  of oil and gas origin) and relative overpopulation. The article exposes main macroeconomic imbalances MENA states, demonstrating the asymmetry of intra-regional development  and structural distortions of the economic and demographic nature. On the basis of complex fiscal and macroeconomic data analysis the  authors identify the existing imbalances. The paper produces a  critique of existing macroeconomic stabilization policies in MENA states and their attempts to overcome the existing imbalances. I.  Abramova and L. Fituni provide an augmented assessment of the  typical policy failures in MENA. The research results in a forecast of  the dynamics of financial determinants of macroeconomic stability in the region and the authors’ vision of ways to overcome or limit the  existing and imminent imbalances. The authors come to the  conclusions that that MENA countries need to accelerate structural reforms in order to overcome imbalances and to achieve  diversification of their economies. Expanding the opportunities for  the national private sector and increasing its importance in the non- oil segment of the economy could help to alleviate the employment  situation and increase the effective consumer demand.

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