THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE AND THE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

The article represents the review of the development of practice and  theory of civil and military relations (CMR) in post- Soviet Russia.  The problem of their reorganization sharply rose in latest years of  existence of the USSR due to the change of the model of social  development, decay of the country and its armed forces that  possessed nuclear weapon. There was a danger of loss of control  over army and of its transformation into independent political force.  In these conditions emerged complex application-oriented and  theoretical problems of CMR which resolution was aggravated by the  absence of scientific development and specialized institutes, and by  the resistance of conservative circles. During the post-Soviet period  there was created the legal basis of CMR and specialized non-state  institutes appeared. Public and military authorities were adapting to  the changing conditions. In 2004 the domination of the Minister of Defense over the General Staff was legislatively fixed. Positive changes also happened in the sphere of transparency of  army for society, the expert activity of institutes of civil society  connected to the sphere of security and defense gained  development. So in Russia was approved the model of CMR that  provided the prevalence of the policy over army and it was the result of wide range of political, legal, social and economic,  organizational-administrative, image and educational measures. The  developed model reflects specifics of the Russian policy: violation of  balance of the authorities towards executive power, its personification; palliative and declarative character of the legal  regulation, etc. It is necessary to mention the absence of steady  institutional guarantees against usurpation of the power in a long-term perspective.  Democratic evolution of CMR didn’t acquire irreversible character. The intensive phase of theoretical consideration of CMR  came to the end by the middle of the first decade of the new century that can be easily explained by the lowering of attention of  the citizens to the army due to the measures taken, absence of the  request for researches, etc. Thus, CMR in Russia have wide range of  theoretical and practical problems that need solution.

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