Governments-in-Exile: Sovereignty Without Territory?
https://doi.org/10.31249/kgt/2024.06.08
Abstract
The article studies the emergence and evolution of governments-in-exile. The Westphalian world order, which has been established globally, dictates the a priori territorial nature of the state per se. The government apparatus, as an element of the state, is also a priori territorial. However, governments-in-exile represent an exception to this territoriality, as they claim to possess sovereignty. A deeper study of governments-in-exile could provide a more complete understanding of the link between sovereignty and territory. The authors analyze the causes behind the emergence of governments-in-exile, as well as their functions in a historical context. A total of 44 cases of governments-in-exile are examined. The authors identify the following as defining features of such governments: being located abroad, aiming to return to their homeland, and claiming sovereignty over a declared territory. In the historical context, the phenomenon is studied according to the following parameters: connection to the territory of origin, access to the proclaimed territory, presence of competing exile projects, dependence on armed conflicts for emergence, duration of existence, and degree of success – understood as the ability to return from exile. The article concludes that governments-in-exile constitute a distinct phenomenon in international relations. Functionally, such governments share certain similarities with opposition parties operating from abroad. However, their claim to exclusive sovereignty over a specific territory distinguishes them from opposition parties. This sovereignty is intersubjective, meaning that the success of such structures largely depends on the expansion of their intersubjective recognition.
About the Authors
I. D. Loshkariov
MGIMO-University
Russian Federation
Ivan D. LOSHKARIOV
Russian Federation
Ivan D. LOSHKARIOV
PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor of the Department of Political Theory
Vernadskogo Avenue, 76, Moscow, 119454
D. V. Protasov
MGIMO-University
Russian Federation
Danila V. PROTASOV
Russian Federation
Danila V. PROTASOV
Intern at the Institute of International Studies
Vernadskogo Avenue, 76, Moscow, 119454
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Review
For citations:
Loshkariov I.D., Protasov D.V. Governments-in-Exile: Sovereignty Without Territory? Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law. 2024;17(6):127–146. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31249/kgt/2024.06.08
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