Food Problem in Small Island Developing States of Asia and Oceania

The food problem is particularly critical for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). According to the UN classification, the Maldives, Singapore, and Timor-Leste are categorized as Asian SIDS, while the SIDS of Oceania include 12 island states located in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. These countries face numerous challenges, including the scarcity and degradation of arable land, declining agricultural output, limited fresh water resources, frequent extreme weather events (such as storms and floods), rising sea levels, reduced rainfall, and prolonged dry spells. Due to these constraints, SIDS are heavily reliant on food imports and thus vulnerable to fluctuations in global food prices. The food insecurity they experience is evident not only in increased levels of undernourishment and deficiencies in essential nutrients, but also in a high prevalence of obesity, driven by unbalanced diet. With support from the international community, Asian and Oceanian SIDS are striving to enhance food security through innovations in the production of agricultural raw materials and processed foods, the development of national distribution networks, and greater integration into global value chains. Their government programs increasingly emphasize the technological modernization of food systems, particularly through digitalization.

1. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2023. Урбанизация, преобразование агропродовольственных систем и здоровый рацион питания в сельско-городском континууме. – Рим : ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ, 2023. – 316 c. – DOI: 10.4060/cc3017ru.

2. Положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания в мире – 2024. Финансирование деятельности по ликвидации голода, отсутствия продовольственной безопасности и неполноценного питания во всех его формах. – Рим : ФАО, МФСР, ЮНИСЕФ, ВПП и ВОЗ, 2024. – 286 c. – DOI: 10.4060/cd1254ru.

3. Ревенко Л.С., Солдатенкова О.И., Ревенко Н.С. Глобальная продовольственная проблема: новые вызовы для мира и России // Экономика. Налоги. Право. – 2022a. – Т. 15, № 4. – С. 54–65. – DOI: 10.26794/1999-849X‑2022-15-4-54-65.

4. Ревенко Л.С., Солдатенкова О.И., Ревенко Н.С. Продовольственная безопасность Африки: недоедание и ожирение // Азия и Африка сегодня. – 2022b. – № 5. – С. 37–45. – DOI: 10.31857/S032150750020171-0.

5. Солдатенкова О.И., Акбаров А.М. Влияние международной торговли на эпидемию ожирения: методологический аспект // Российский внешнеэкономический вестник. – 2021. – № 11. – С. 49–57. – DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2021-11-49-57.

6. Bansal A. Climate Change and Agri-Food System: Case of Maldives Explained // Project Statecraft. – 2023. – 23 September. – URL: https://www.projectstatecraft.org/post/climate-change-and-agri-food-system-case-of-maldives-explained (дата обращения: 10.12.2024).

7. Bari M.R. Delivering Food Security in the Maldives Agricultural Sector: Is the Business Case Embedded in the Social Solidarity Economy? // Maldives Economic Review. – 2020. – Vol. 1, issue 4. – P. 9–16.

8. Barnett J. Climate Change and Food Security in the Pacific Islands // Food Security in Small Island States / Ed.by J. Connell, K. Lowitt. – Singapore : Springer Nature, 2020. – P. 25–38. – DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8256-7_2.

9. Gasith M. Agroecological Analysis of Maldivian Agricultural System to Improve Nutrient Management. – Alnarp : SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2018. – 66 p.

10. Krishnapillai M., Velardi M., Colonna N. Water and Food Security Under a Climate Change Scenario in the Pacific Small Island Developing States // Energia, ambiente e innovazione. – 2018. – N 3. – P. 96–101. – DOI: 0.12910/EAI2018-065.

11. Pathways to Sustaining Tuna-Dependent Pacific Island Economies During Climate Change / Bell J.D. [et al.]. // Nature Sustainability. – 2021. – Vol. 4. – P. 900–910. – DOI: 10.1038/s41893-021-00745-z.

12. Planning the Use of Fish for Food Security in the Pacific / Bell J.D. [et al.]. // Marine Policy. – 2009. – Vol. 33, N 1. – P. 64–76. – DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.04.002.

13. Ramakrishna A., Bang S. The Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security and Management in Papua New Guinea // The Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in Small Island Developing States / Ed. by S. Ganpat, W.-N.P. Isaak. – Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference, 2015. – P. 67–95. – DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6501-9.ch003.

14. Snowdon W., Thow A.M. Trade Policy and Obesity Prevention: Challenges and Innovation in the Pacific Islands // Obesity Reviews. – 2013. – Vol. 14, suppl. 2. – P. 150–158. – DOI: 10.1111/obr.12090.

15. Thomas L. Working Towards Inclusive and Resilient Agrifood Systems in the Pacific // Integrated Sustainable Development Goals. – 2023. – 8 March. – URL: https://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/guest-articles/working-towards-inclusive-and-resilient-agrifood-systems-in-the-pacific/ (дата обращения: 26.05.2024).

16. Tortajada C., Lim N.S.W. Food Security and COVID-19: Impacts and Resilience in Singapore // Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. – 2021. – Vol. 5. – Article 740780. – P. 1–13. – DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.740780.47