On the “Catching Up” Model of Self-awareness of Russia as a Civilization

The article reveals the problem of “catching up” with the model of self-awareness and delayed worldview re­flection in connection with the historioso- phical concept of pseudomorphosis proposed by Oswald Spengler. The problem is inves­tigated in the optics of a new methodology of tradition-civilization as an indissoluble sociocultural complex. The article shows that the Russian philosophical and social thought proposed two large-scale programs to overcome the pseudomorphological type of development: Pochvennichestvo in the 19^th century and Eurasianism in the 20^th century. The creation of such programs represented a kind of jerks provoked by an identity crisis. Pochvennichestvo has ad­vanced from its environment and defended the original theory of civilizations (cultural and historical types) of Nikolai Danilevsky. This program and N. Danilevsky's system were a reaction to Russia's defeat in the Crimean War and the collapse of the illu­sions of Eurocentrism and Russia's organic entry into the family of European states. In turn, Eurasianism was formed as a world­view response to the cascade of revolutions of the early 20^th century and the continua­tion of a radical Western pseudomorphosis at a different level. The proposed two pro­grams were not only reactive, but also pro­active: they comprehended the historical traumas experienced by Russia, and at the same time forecasts and scenarios of the fu­ture were built, and an impulse was given to a comprehensive scientific study of Russia as a civilization.

1. Averyanov V.V. (1996). Phenomenology of the Time of Troubles: where to expect Minin and Pozharsky? Obshestvennye nauki i sovremennost' No. 3, pp. 95-103 (in Russian).

2. Averianov V.V. (2012). Tradition and Dynamic Conservatism. Moscow: Central- ny izdatelskiy dom, 696 pp. (in Russian).

3. Bagdasaryan V.E. (2009). Russia as a state-civilization. Intelros. 5 pp. Available at: http://www.intelros.ru/pdf/synergia_17_09/11, accessed 15.09.2023 (in Russian).

4. Braudel F. (1992). Material Civilization, Economics and Capitalism, XV¬XVIII Centuries. Vol. 3: Time of Peace. Moscow: Progress, 679 pp. (in Russian).

5. Braudel F. (2008). Grammar of Oivilizations. Moscow: Ves' mir, 552 pp. (in Russian).

6. Chaadaev P.Y. (1991). Complete Works and Selected letters. Vol. I. Moscow: Nauka, 800 pp. (in Russian).

7. Coker Ch. (2019). The Rise of the Civilizational State: China, Russia and the Islamic Caliphate and the Challenge to the Liberal World Bridge. Cambridge: Polity Press, 230 pp.

8. Dostoevsky F.M. (2010). The Writer's Diary. Moscow: Institut russkoy civilizacii, 880 pp. (in Russian).

9. Fischer K. (1933). Hegel. His Life, Writings and Teachings. The first half volume. Moscow, Leningrad: Sotsekonomgiz, 612 pp. (in Russian).

10. Galaktionov A.A. (1993). Organic theory as a methodology of N.Y. Danilevsky's sociological concept. In: Rus¬sian Sociology. Interuniversity collection. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, pp. 22-35 (in Russian).

11. Herder I.G. (2018). Ideas for the Philosophy of Human History. Moscow; St. Pe-tersburg: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 760 pp. (in Russian).

12. Jacques M. (2012). When China Rules the World. The Rise of the Middle Kingdom and the End of the Western World. New York: Penguin Books, 848 pp.

13. Kagan M.S. (2003). An Introduction to the History of World Culture. Book 1. St. Petersburg: Petropolis, 383 pp. (in Russian).

14. Ma^aes B. (2020). The Attack Of The Civilization-State. Noema Magazine, 15 June. Available at: https://www.noemamag.com/the-attack-of-the-civilization-state/, accessed 21.06.2023.

15. McNeil W. (2004). The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. Kiev: Nika Center; Moscow: Starlight, 1064 pp. (in Russian).

16. Mirovozzrenie... (2024). The worldview of Russian civilization: The Way to oneself. Report of the Izborsky Club, ed. by V.V. Averyanov // Izborsky club. No. 1, pp. 6-87 (in Russian).

17. Panarin A.S. (1997). The Abduction of Russia. Moskva. No. 1, pp. 146-157 (in Russian).

18. Petrov M.K. (2004). Language. Sign. Culture. Moscow: Editorial URSS, 328 pp. (in Russian).

19. Pisma. (2004). Letters and Notes by N.S. Trubetskoy. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture, 608 pp. (in Russian).

20. Pivovarov Y.S. (1991). Karamzin's Time and “A Note on ancient and new Russia” (Preface). In: Karamzin N.M. A Note on Ancient and New Russia in Its Political and Civil Relations. Moscow: Nauka. The main editorial office of Oriental literature, pp. 3-15 (in Russian).

21. Rozanov V.V. (2006). Collected Works. Signs of Time (Articles and essays of 1912). Ed. by A.N. Nikolyukin. Moscow: Respublika, 436 pp. (in Russian).

22. Slezkin Y.L. (2023). The original state-civilization, its neighbors and relatives. Rossiya v globalnoy politike. Vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 44-55 (in Russian).

23. Spengler O. (2014). The Decline of the Western World. Moscow: Alpha-kniga, 1085 pp. (in Russian).

24. Spiridonova V.I., Sokolova R.I., Shevchenko V.N. (2016). Russia as a State-Civilization: Philosophical and Political Analysis. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 124 pp. (in Russian).

25. Strakhov N.N. (2010). The Struggle with the West. Moscow: Institut russkoy civilizacii, 576 pp. (in Russian).

26. Sviridov G.V. (2017). Music as Fate. Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 795 pp. (in Russian).

27. Toynbee A.J. (2003). Civilization Before the Court of History. Moscow: Iris-press, 592 pp. (in Russian).

28. Trubetskoy N.S. (1999). The Legacy of Genghis Khan. Moscow: Agraf, 560 pp. (in Russian).

29. Zhang Weiwei (2012). The China Wave: Rise of a Civilizational State. Hackensack, New York: World Century Publishing Corporation, 205 pp