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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2022.01.09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проблемы Старого Света</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Problems of the Old World</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Демонтаж АЭС в Евросоюзе: проблемы финансирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nuclear Decommisioning in the EU: Financing Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Зимаков, кандидат экономических наук, научный сотрудник Центра европейских исследований</p><p>117997, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Zimakov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), research fellow Center for European Studies</p><p>117997, Profsoyuznaya Str., 23, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zimakov@newmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН (ИМЭМО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зимаков А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зимаков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zimakov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/999">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/999</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется комплекс проблем, связанных с финансированием вывода из эксплуатации и ликвидации АЭС в странах Евросоюза. Источник финансирования ликвидации старых реакторов является важной составляющей дискуссии по вопросу приемлемости атомной энергетики как низкоуглеродной технологии при декарбонизации электроэнергетики ЕС к 2050 г. Острота вопроса обусловлена увеличением количества выведенных из эксплуатации реакторов, подлежащих ликвидации, что связано с отказом ряда стран ЕС от атомной энергетики и последовательной остановкой реакторов, постепенным старением парка действующих европейских АЭС, а также изменением подхода в странах ЕС к заглушенным реакторам со стратегии с отложенного демонтажа на немедленную ликвидацию. Будучи довольно дорогостоящим мероприятием, немедленный демонтаж ядерного объекта требует финансовых ресурсов, которые должны быть достаточными и доступными к началу работ по демонтажу. Согласно универсальному принципу «загрязнитель платит», ликвидацию реакторов должны финансировать энергетические компании, которые с этой целью должны формировать соответствующие фонды. Однако в вопросе формирования фондов в ЕС нет единой практики, в результате чего в ЕС нередки случаи, когда финансирование демонтажа АЭС вынужденно производится за счет государств ЕС, например, из-за отсутствия достаточных финансовых средств у энергоконцернов или собственно ответственных за реакторы компаний. Более того, есть прецеденты осуществления финансирования ликвидации АЭС за счет бюджета Евросоюза. Европейский союз своевременно осознал потенциальный риск нехватки финансирования для вывода из эксплуатации и задействовал меры в форме необязательных рекомендаций по управлению средствами для вывода из эксплуатации и обязательной директивы Евратома, устанавливающей конечную ответственность государства за утилизацию ядерных отходов. Директива Евратома, которая должна быть включена в национальное законодательство, требует создания правовой базы, обеспечивающей безопасное накопление достаточных финансовых ресурсов для вывода из эксплуатации АЭС и дальнейшей утилизации отходов. Этими действия ми Европейская комиссия побуждает государства-члены активнее участвовать в регулировании финансирования вывода из эксплуатации АЭС, тем самым предотвращая дефицит, требующий вмешательства государства или даже ЕС. Будучи далеко не закрытым вопросом, ситуация с финансированием вывода из эксплуатации АЭС в ЕС постепенно улучшается. В конечном счете, большие объемы вывода из эксплуатации в сочетании с доступным финансированием делают ЕС очень привлекательным рынком для компаний, специализирующихся на демонтаже ядерных объектов, который обладает достаточным потенциалом, чтобы стать новым лидером мирового рынка услуг по ликвидации АЭС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Decommissioning of nuclear power plants is increasingly becoming one of heavily discussed issues in the controversy over admissibility of nuclear power as a low-carbon technology in the climate-neutral Europe by 2050 in the face of rising shut-down reactors numbers. The rise of the due to be dismantled reactors figures is to be explained by ageing reactorfleet, nuclear phase-out decisions in several EU countries and by the change from deferred to immediate dismantling strategy. Being a quite costly undertaking, immediate dismantling of a nuclear facility requires financial resources that should be sufficient and available by the beginning of dismantling activities. Despite the commonly accepted “polluter pays” principle that means that the nuclear facility owner should provide necessary financing for decommissioning, there are several cases in Europe when the costs of dismantling activities are borne by the state or even by the budget of the European Union. The general reason for that is the lack of financial resources accumulated by the nuclear facility owner. The European Union has timely recognized the potential risk of lacking decommissioning financing and has stepped up certain pro-active measures in a form of non-binding recommendations on the management of decommissioning funds and binding Euratom directive setting ultimate responsibility of the state for nuclear waste utilization. The Euratom directive that is to be transposed into national legislation requires a creation of a legal framework ensuring safe accumulation of sufficient financial resources for decommissioning of nuclear facilities and further waste utilization. By these actions, the European Commission prompts the member states to get more involved into regulation of nuclear decommissioning financing thus preventing shortages requiring the state or even the EU to step in. Being far from a closed issue, the situation in decommissioning financing in the EU is gradually improving. Ultimately, the extensive decommissioning volumes coupled with available financing is making Europe a very attractive decommissioning market with a potential to overtake the global leadership in nuclear decommissioning.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энергетика</kwd><kwd>АЭС</kwd><kwd>демонтаж</kwd><kwd>ликвидация</kwd><kwd>экологизация энергетики</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy</kwd><kwd>nuclear power plant</kwd><kwd>decommissioning</kwd><kwd>dismantling</kwd><kwd>decarbonization</kwd><kwd>the EU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бочкарев В.В., Абакумова А.С., Крянев А.В. 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