<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2022.01.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ресурсная база мирового развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The Resource Base of World Development</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Энергетический переход: мировые тренды и их последствия для России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global Trends in the Transition to a Carbon-free Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-9533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коданева</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodaneva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Игоревна Коданева, кандидат юридических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>117218, ул. Кржижановского, д. 15, к. 2, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Kodaneva, Candidate of law Sciences, Leading researcher</p><p>15, Krzhizhanovsky str., 2, Moscow, 117218 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kodanevas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Institute of scientific information on social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коданева С.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коданева С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kodaneva S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/998">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/998</self-uri><abstract><p>Мировые тенденции перехода к безуглеродной экономике, основа для которой была заложена в период кризиса 2008 г., в настоящее время усиливаются под влиянием двух факторов. Во-первых, мировым сообществом признан факт изменения климата как результата антропогенного воздействия. Во-вторых, экономический кризис, вызванный пандемией COVID-19, подтолкнул многие государства, инвесторов, а также частные компании к более активной реализации стратегий декарбонизации. Это объясняется не только озабоченностью усиливающимися экологическими проблемами. Декарбонизация и энергетический переход могут стать эффективным инструментом для стимулирования развития экономики за счет развития технологий, привлечения инвестиций и создания новых рабочих мест.В настоящей статье рассмотрены пути энергетического перехода, его преимущества и риски для таких стран и регионов, как Китай, страны Запада (ЕС и США), Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки. Отмечается, что энергетический переход является долгосрочным трендом, который не предполагает мгновенного отказа от ископаемого топлива и замены его на возобновляемые источники энергии. Это сложное явление, включающее как постепенные изменения, так и структурные трансформации и системные сдвиги.Проведен анализ последствий рассмотренного тренда для России. Показано, что в стратегических документах страны нашел отражение осторожный подход, основанный на планах наращивания экспорта углеводородов. Однако автор отмечает, что сохранение данного подхода чревато рядом экономических и политических рисков.По результатам проведенного исследования подчеркивается важность выработки комплексных стратегических подходов, направленных на нивелирование обозначенных рисков, сформулированы конкретные предложения по реализации постепенного энергетического перехода в Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global trends in the transition to a carbon-free economy, the foundation for which was laid during the 2008 crisis, are now being strengthened by two factors. Firstly, the world community has recognized the fact of climate change as a result of anthropogenic impact. Secondly, the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed many states, investors, and private companies to more actively implement decarbonization strategies. This is not only due to the concerns about increasing environmental problems. Decarbonization and the energy transition can be an effective tool for stimulating economic development, by attracting investment and creating new jobs. This article examines the ways of energy transition, its advantages and risks for such countries and regions as China, the countries of the West (the EU and the USA), the Middle East and North Africa. It is noted that the energy transition is a global trend, but it does not imply an instant abandonment of fossil fuels and its replacement with renewable energy sources. It is a complex and long-term phenomenon, including both gradual changes, as well as structural transformations and systemic shifts. The analysis of the consequences of the considered trend for Russia is carried out. It is shown that the country's strategic documents reflect a cautious approach based on the plans to increase hydrocarbon exports. However, the author notes that maintaining this approach is fraught with a number of economic and political risks. According to the results of the study, the importance of developing comprehensive strategic approaches aimed at leveling the identified risks is emphasized, specific proposals for implementing a gradual energy transition in the Russian Federation are formulated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>декарбонизация</kwd><kwd>энергетический переход</kwd><kwd>выбросы парниковых газов</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>зеленая энергетика</kwd><kwd>водородная энергетика</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток и Северная Африка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>decarbonization</kwd><kwd>energy transition</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gas emissions</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>green energy</kwd><kwd>hydrogen energy</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the EU</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>Middle East and North Africa</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананькина Е. Углеродный налог – ощутимый, но не главный риск для российских энергетических компаний // Энергетическая политика. – 2021. – № 5. – DOI: 10.46920/2409-5516_2021_5159_40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anan'kina E. (2021). Carbon tax is a tangible, but not the main risk for Russian energy companies. Energeticheskaya po litika, no. 5 (in Russian). DOI: 10.46920/2409-5516_2021_5159_40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобылев П.М., Семейкин А.Ю. «Зеленый» протекционизм Европы // Энергетическая политика. – 2020. – № 10. – С. 24–33. – DOI: 10.46920/2409-5516_2020_10152_24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobylev P.M., Semeikin A.Yu. (2020). “Green” protectionism in Europe. Energeticheskaya politika, no. 10, pp. 24– 33 (in Russian). DOI: 10.46920/2409-5516_2020_10152_24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаранина О.Л. Повестка энергетического перехода: вызовы для России в контексте пандемии // Российский внешнеэкономический вестник. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 40–52. – DOI: 10.24411/2072-8042-2021-4-40-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carbon Tracker (2020). Coal developers risk $600 billion as renewables outcompete worldwide, London, New York: Carbon Tracker Initiative. Available at: https://carbontracker.org/coal-developers-risk-600-billion-as-renewables-outcompeteworldwide/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коданева С.И. Зеленые инвестиции в России и за рубежом: Проблемы, механизмы и перспективы // Россия и современный мир. – 2020. – № 3. – С. 68– 88. – DOI: 10.31249/rsm/2020.03.05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen D. (2021). China’s belt and road initiative: changing investment priorities in pursuit of energy security and carbon neutrality. Oxford Energy Forum, issue 126, P. 15–18. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxfordenergy-forum-the-geopolitics-of-energyout-with-the-old-and-in-with-the-newissue-126/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутырев Г.И., Апасова А.М. Пограничный корректирующий механизм ЕС как фактор влияния на внешнеэкономическую деятельность РФ // Вестник Московского Университета им. С.Ю. Витте. Серия 1: экономика и управление. – 2020. – № 4. – С. 58–65. – DOI: 10.21777/2587-554X-2020-4-58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daily Carbon Prices (2021). EMBER. Available at: https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пахомова Н.В., Рихтер К.К., Малышков Г.Б. Энергетический переход и введение трансграничного углеродного регулирования: риски и шансы для экономики России // Проблемы современной экономики. – 2020. – № 4. – С. 164–170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garanina O.L. (2021). The Energy Transition Agenda: Challenges for Russia in the Context of the Pandemic. Rossiiskii vneshneekonomicheskii vestnik, no. 4, pp. 40–52 (in Russian). DOI: 10.24411/2072-8042-2021-4-40-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поворот к природе: новая экологическая политика России в условиях «зеленой» трансформации мировой экономики и политики: доклад по итогам серии ситуационных анализов / И.А. Макаров, Д.В. Суслов, И.А. Степанов, Д.А. Серова // Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Факультет мировой экономики и мировой политики. – Москва : Международные отношения, 2021. – 97 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson J., Sen A. (2021). The Energy Transition: Key challenges for incumbent and new players in the global energy system. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OIES PAPER, ET: 01. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Energy-TransitionKey-challenges-for-incumbent-playersin-the-global-energy-system-ET01.pdf, accessed 01.10.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbon Tracker. Coal developers risk $600 billion as renewables outcompete worldwide. – London ; New York : Carbon Tracker Initiative, 2020. – March 12. – URL: https://carbontracker.org/coal-developers-risk-600-billion-asrenewables-outcompete-worldwide/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henze V. (2020). Vestas Still Rules Turbine Market, But Challengers Are Closing In. BloombergNEF, February 18. Available at: https://about.bnef.com/blog/vestas-still-rules-turbine-marketbut-challengers-are-closing-in/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen D. China’s belt and road initiative: changing investment priorities in pursuit of energy security and carbon neutrality // Oxford Energy Forum. – 2021. – Issue 126. – P. 15–18. – URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxfordenergy-forum-the-geopolitics-of-energyout-with-the-old-and-in-with-the-newissue-126/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021). Daily Carbon Prices // EMBER. – 2021. – URL: https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEA (2021). Net zero by 2050 hinges on a global push to increase energy efficiency. Available at: https://www.iea.org/articles/net-zero-by-2050-hinges-on-a-globalpush-to-increase-energy-efficiency, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson J., Sen A. The Energy T ransition: Key challenges for incumbent and new players in the global energy system // The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. – 2021. – (OIES PAPER : ET : 01). – URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Energy-Transition-Keychallenges-for-incumbent-players-in-theglobal-energy-system-ET01.pdf (дата обращения: 01.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodaneva S.I. (2020). Green Investments in Russia and Abroad: Problems, Mechanisms and Prospects. Rossiya i sovremennyi mir, no. 3, pp. 68–88 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31249/rsm/2020.03.05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henze V. Vestas Still Rules Turbine Market, But Challengers Are Closing In // BloombergNEF. – 2020. – February 18. – URL: https://about.bnef.com/blog/vestas-still-rules-turbine-market-butchallengers-are-closing-in/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutyrev G.I., Apasova A.M. (2020). The EU border adjustment mechanism as a factor of influence on the foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta im. S.Yu. Vitte. Seriya 1: ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 4, pp. 58–65 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21777/2587-554X-2020-4-58-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEA. Net zero by 2050 hinges on a global push to increase energy efficiency // IEA. – 2021. – URL: https://www.iea.org/articles/net-zero-by-2050-hinges-on-aglobal-push-to-increase-energy-efficiency (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marshall H. (2021). Net Zero Targets and GHG Emission Reduction in the UK and Norwegian Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Comparative Assessment. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OIES PAPER, NG 164. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/net-zerotargets-and-ghg-emission-reduction-inthe-uk-and-norwegian-upstream-oil-andgas-industry-a-comparative-assessment/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marshall H. Net Zero Targets and GHG Emission Reduction in the UK and Norwegian Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Comparative Assessment // The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. – 2021. – (OIES PAPER : NG 164). – URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/net-zero-targets-and-ghg-emission-reduction-in-the-ukand-norwegian-upstream-oil-and-gasindustry-a-comparative-assessment/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pakhomova N.V., Rikhter K.K., Malyshkov G.B. (2020). Energy transition and the introduction of cross-border carbon regulation: risks and opportunities for the Russian economy. Problems of the modern economy, no. 4, pp. 164–170 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raimondi P. P., Tagliapietra S. The geopolitical implications of global decarbonization for mena producing countries // Oxford Energy Forum. – 2021. – Issue 126. – P. 48–51. – URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-the-geopolitics-ofenergy-out-with-the-old-and-in-withthe-new-issue-126/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povorot k prirode… (2021). Makarov I.A. et al. A Turn to Nature: Russia's New Environmental Policy in the Context of the Green Transformation of the World Economy and Politics: A Report on the Results of a Series of Case. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 97 pp. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">REN21. Renewables 2020 Global status report // REN21 Renewables Now. – 2020. – URL: https://www.ren21.net/reports/global-status-report/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raimondi P. P., Tagliapietra S. (2021). The geopolitical implications of global decarbonization for mena producing countries. Oxford Energy Forum, issue 126, pp. 48–51. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxfordenergy-forum-the-geopolitics-of-energyout-with-the-old-and-in-with-the-newissue-126/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roser M. Why did renewables become so cheap so fast? And what can we do to use this global opportunity for green growth? // Our World in Data. – 2020. – URL: https://ourworldindata.org/cheaprenewables-growth (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">REN21 (2020). Renewables 2020 Global status report. Available at: https://www.ren21.net/reports/global-status-report/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu J. How Great Power Rivalry May Affect the Low-Carbon Revolution // BloombergNEF. – 2020. – December 3. – URL: https://about.bnef.com/blog/howgreat-power-rivalry-may-affect-the-lowcarbon-revolution/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roser M. (2020). Why did renewables become so cheap so fast? And what can we do to use this global opportunity for green growth? Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/cheap-renewables-growth, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Zh. Improving grid interconnection to support climate change mitigation // Oxford Energy Forum. – 2021. – Issue 126. – P. 22–26. – URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-thegeopolitics-of-energy-out-with-the-oldand-in-with-the-new-issue-126/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu J. (2020). How Great Power Rivalry May Affect the Low-Carbon Revolution. BloombergNEF, December 3. Available at: https://about.bnef.com/blog/how-greatpower-rivalry-may-affect-the-lowcarbon-revolution/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Zh. (2021). Improving grid interconnection to support climate change mitigation. Oxford Energy Forum, issue 126, pp. 22–26. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-the-geopolitics-ofenergy-out-with-the-old-and-in-withthe-new-issue-126/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Zh. (2021). Improving grid interconnection to support climate change mitigation. Oxford Energy Forum, issue 126, pp. 22–26. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-the-geopolitics-ofenergy-out-with-the-old-and-in-withthe-new-issue-126/, accessed 23.06.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
