centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.31249/kgt/2022.01.06centero-996Research ArticleРесурсная база мирового развитияThe Resource Base of World DevelopmentИзменение занятости в сельском хозяйстве в странах и регионах мира в конце XX – начале XXI в.Modern Dynamics of Employment in Agriculture in the Counties and Regions of the Worldhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-212XНаумовА. С.NaumovA. S.

Алексей Станиславович Наумов, доцент, кандидат географических наук, заведующий кафедрой, географический факультет, кафедра социально-экономической географии зарубежных стран

119991, Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва

Alexey S. Naumov, Associate Prof., Cand. of Geographical Sciences, Head of the Department, Faculty of Geography, Department of Socio-Economic Geography of Foreign Countries

119991, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 

alnaumov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-9787ПотаповаА. А.PotapovaA. A.

Александра Андреевна Потапова, младший научный сотрудник, аспирант, географический факультет, кафедра социально-экономической географии зарубежных стран

119991, Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва

Alexandra A. Potapova, junior researcher, PhD student, Faculty of Geography, Department of Socio-Economic Geography of Foreign Countries

119991, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 

Alexandra.Potapova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-9322ТопниковМ. А.TopnikovM. A.

Михаил Александрович Топников, студент магистратуры, географический факультет, кафедра социально-экономической географии зарубежных стран

119991, Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва

Mikhail A. Topnikov, Student, Faculty of Geography, Department of Socio-Economic Geography of Foreign Countries

119991, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 

mikhailtopnikov@gmail.comМГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202217092022151128150Copyright © Наумов А.С., Потапова А.А., Топников М.А., 20222022Наумов А.С., Потапова А.А., Топников М.А.Naumov A.S., Potapova A.A., Topnikov M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/996

В статье анализируются основные характеристики сельскохозяйственной занятости в целом в мире, отдельных регионах и странах мира. Рассматриваются изменения занятости в сельском хозяйстве и влияния на них различных факторов за период с 1991 по 2019 г. Снижение занятости в сельском хозяйстве в мире как в абсолютном, так и в относительном выражении одновременно с ростом сельскохозяйственного производства указывает на увеличение производительности труда и постепенную диверсификацию сельской экономики. Динамика сельскохозяйственной занятости крайне разнородна по регионам и странам, что обусловлено не только изменениями в самой аграрной сфере, но и социально-демографическими и экономическими характеристиками стран и регионов. В рассматриваемый период наибольшие темпы сокращения имели место в ряде развивающихся стран Восточной и Юго-Восточной Азии, а также Восточной Европы, которые претерпевают трансформацию социально-экономического и политического развития. Небольшие темпы отмечаются в развитых странах, находящихся на постиндустриальной стадии развития с низким значением сельскохозяйственной занятости, а также в развивающихся странах Южной Азии и Африки, где трансформация экономики и занятости еще не начались.

The article analyzes the main characteristics of agricultural employment in the whole world, certain regions and countries of the world. Changes in employment in agriculture and the influence of various factors on them for the period from 1991 to 2019 are considered. The decline in employment in agriculture in the world in both absolute and relative terms with the growth of agricultural production indicates an increase in labor productivity and a gradual diversification of the rural economy. The dynamics of agricultural employment is extremely heterogeneous across regions and countries, which is caused not only by changes in the agricultural sphere itself, but also by the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the countries and regions. The greatest rates of decline since 1991 have occurred in many developing countries in East and South-East Asia, as well as in Eastern Europe, which are undergoing a transformation of socio-economic and political development. The slow pace is observed in developed countries that are at a post-industrial stage of development with low agricultural employment, as well as in developing countries in South Asia and Africa, where economic and employment transformation has not yet begun.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.