centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-5-2centero-863Research ArticleОсобенности современного экономического развитияSpecifics of Modern Economic DevelopmentПрямые иностранные инвестиции на постсоветском пространстве спустя три десятилетия после распада СССРFDI in the Post-Soviet Space Three Decades after the Disintegration of the Soviet Unionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-9365КалотайК.KalotayK.

Кальман Калотай - кандидат экономических наук (Венгерская академия наук), PhD (Университет Корвина, Будапешт, Венгрия), сотрудник по экономическим вопросам (ушел в отставку 1 сентября 2021 года); почетный профессор

Avenue de la Paix 8-14, 1202, Женева

Fővám tér 8, 1093, Будапешт

Kalman Kalotay - Candidate of Economic Sciences (Hungarian Academy of Sciences), PhD (Corvinus University, Budapest), Economic Affairs Officer (retired on 1 September 2021); Honorary Professor

Avenue de la Paix 8–14, 1202, Geneva

Fővám tér 8, 1093, Budapest

kalotayk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-4942СулстароваА.SulstarovaA.

Астрит Сулстарова - PhD (Институт последипломного образования, Женева (IHEID), старший сотрудник по экономическим вопросам

Avenue de la Paix 8-14, 1202, Женева

Astrit Sulstarova - PhD (The Graduate Institute, Geneva (IHEID), Senior Economic Affairs Officer

Avenue de la Paix 8–14, 1202, Geneva

astrit.sulstarova@un.orgКонференция ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД); Университет КорвинаВенгрияUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development; Corvinus UniversityHungaryКонференция ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД)ШвейцарияUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentSwitzerland202107112021145К 30-летию распада СССР3060Copyright © Калотай К., Сулстарова А., 20212021Калотай К., Сулстарова А.Kalotay K., Sulstarova A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/863

Бывший Советский Союз распался три десятилетия назад. Знаменательный 1991 г. не только стал началом независимости для стран постсоветского пространства, но и отправной точкой их перехода от централизованной плановой экономики к капитализму, пусть и часто с местной спецификой. На момент написания этой статьи, нацеленной на анализ долгосрочных структурных характеристик притока и оттока прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ), 12 постсоветских экономик сталкиваются с новыми проблемами, связанными с COVID-19, отличными от проблем постсоциалистической трансформации. После краткого обзора литературы, в котором освещаются основные вопросы, поднятые академическими исследованиями, в статье анализируются долгосрочные тенденции и основные характеристики (географические и секторальные) ПИИ, с особым упором на объявления о новых проектах с 2003 г. (год начала предоставления данных). В статье также рассматривается, в какой степени экономическое развитие основывалось на притоке прямых иностранных инвестиций, на стимулировании их оттока либо на том и другом. Показатели 12 постсоветских экономик сопоставляются с показателями других стран с переходной экономикой, таких, как страны Балтии, Юго-Восточная Европа и/или Вишеградская группа. В статье делается вывод о том, что усилия по использованию притока ПИИ в целях развития были скромными, даже если в притоках можно наблюдать некоторое сближение с другими странами с переходной экономикой, которые более сознательно использовали ПИИ для своего развития.

The former Soviet Union disintegrated three decades ago. That momentous 1991 was not only the starting point for independence of the countries of the post-Soviet space but also the starting point for their transformation from centrally planned economy to capitalism, often with local specificities. At the moment of writing this article aiming at analysing the long-term, structural characteristics of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI), these 12 economies are facing new COVID-19-related challenges, different from the problems of transformation undertaken in the past decades. After a brief literature survey, in which the main issues raised by academic research are highlighted, the article analyses the long-term trends and the main characteristics (geographical and sectoral) of FDI, with special reference to greenfield project announcements from 2003 on (the starting year of data availability). It also explores how much economic development was based on either attracting inward or promoting outward FDI or both. The performance of the 12 post-Soviet economies is controlled against the performance of other transition economies such as the Baltic States, South-East Europe and/or the Visegrad Group. The article concludes that indeed efforts towards using inward or outward FDI for development has been modest, even if in inflows one can observe some convergence with the other transition economies, which have been relying more wittingly using FDI for their development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.