<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-4-2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-825</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Сфера науки и высшего образования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Science and Higher Education</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Университетские города в Европе: понятие, специфика развития, планировочные структуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Cities in Europe: Concept, Development Specifics and Urban Planning Patterns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатило</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatilo</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Дарья Павловна Шатило – кандидат географических наук, научный сотрудник</title><p>117418, Нахимовский проспект, д. 51/21, Москва</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria P. Shatilo – PhD in Geographic Science, Researcher </p><p>117418, Nakhimovsky av., 51/21, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shatilo@inion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт научной информации по общественным наукам РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Прогресс науки и современное общественное развитие</issue-title><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шатило Д.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шатило Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatilo D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/825">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/825</self-uri><abstract><p>Проводится анализ роли университетских городов Европы, причин их возникновения и свойств. Основная цель исследования – выявление особенностей университетских городов Европы. Автором было уточнено понятие университетского города, так как четкого научного определения не существует: в каждой стране свое понимание университетского города. В статье оно сравнительно узкое. Университетским, как правило, считается малый или средний город, где социально-экономические процессы тесно связаны с университетом и научной деятельностью. Основные критерии отнесения города к университетскому – общее число студентов и преподавателей и их доля от населения, а также историко-экономическое значение университета: в Европе большинство университетских городов сформированы благодаря длительной истории возникновения университетов. В средних и малых университетских городах научный и университетский кластер играет градообразующую роль. В более старых университетских городах университет и кампус занимают обширную территорию, по сути – часть самого города.</p><p>Проведен анализ опыта конкретных примеров университетских городов. Рассмотрены особенности научно-технологической политики и градостроительные аспекты, так как обширная городская застройка состоит из университетских и научно-исследовательских объектов. Университеты – это связующее звено, в том числе между локальным и глобальным уровнями экономики знаний. Взаимодействия города и университета показаны на примере немецких университетских городов: Гейдельберга, Гёттингена, Марбурга и Тюбингена. Эти города объединяет более молодая демографическая структура, а также большая доля молодых людей среди иммигрантов и жителей с миграционным прошлым.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper includes the analyses of university cities role in Europe, their properties and their origin causes. The main purpose of the article is the European university cities characteristics determination. The author clarified a concept of university city, since there is no clear scientific definition because each country has its own understanding of the university city meaning. In a narrow sense a university city is, as a rule, a small or medium-sized city, where the main socio-economic processes are closely related to the university and scientific activities. The general characteristics for a classifying a city as a university city is the historical and economic universities role and the total number of students and scientific workers. In Europe, most university cities are formed due to the long history. In medium and small university cities, the scientific and university cluster plays a city-forming role. Usually in older university cities, the university and campus occupy a vast area.</p><p>In the research, the author analyzes specific examples of university cities. Attention is also paid to urban planning aspects because universities occupy vast city’s territory. Now in a knowledge-based society, universities play an important role including the linkages between the local and global levels of the knowledge economy. The city and university interaction is shown on the example of German university cities: Heidelberg, Göttingen, Marburg and Tübingen. It has been found that a young population structure is observed in these German cities. There is also a large proportion of young people among immigrants and residents with a migratory background.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>университетские города Европы</kwd><kwd>университеты</kwd><kwd>кампусы</kwd><kwd>научно-технологическая политика</kwd><kwd>градостроительство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European university cities</kwd><kwd>universities</kwd><kwd>campuses</kwd><kwd>science and technology policy</kwd><kwd>urban planning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолов А.В. (2014). Университетский город как основа бренда территории // Брендинг малых и средних городов России: опыт, проблемы, перспективы: материалы Всероссийской заочной научно-практической конференции (Екатеринбург, 2014 г.). С. 77–80 // https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/37635/1/bmisgr_2014_18.pdf, дата обращения 15.02.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ave G. (2016). University Cities: A Strategic Resource of Small and Medium-Sized Cities in Europe. Cities as Multiple Landscapes (eds. Antenhofer C., Bischof G., Dupont R.L., Leitner U.), Frankfurt, New York, pp. 61–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисова Н.В., Сулимов К.А. (2015). Университетское сообщество между глобальностью илокальностью: вызовы иответы // Политическая наука. № 3. С. 138-149 // http://inion.ru/site/assets/files/3738/1.pdf, дата обращения 22.01.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolov A.V. (2014). University Town as a Base of Territory Brand. Branding of Small and Medium-sized Cities in Russia: Experience, Problems, Prospects: Materials of the All-Russian Correspondence Scientific and Practical Conference (Yekaterinburg, 2014), pp. 77–80. Available at: https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/37635/1/bmisgr_2014_18.pdf, accessed 15.02.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вендина О.И. (2006). Стратегии развития крупнейших городов России: поиск концептуальных решений // Demoscope Weekly. № 247–248 // http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0247/analit01.php, дата обращения 16.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova N.V., Sulimov K.A. (2015). University Community between Global and Local: Challenges and Responses. Political Science, no 3, pp. 138–149. Available at: http://inion.ru/site/assets/files/3738/1.pdf, accessed 22.01.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вендина О.И. (2010). Невидимые сдвиги в развитии городов // Demoscope Weekly.№407–408 // http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2010/0407/analit01.php, дата обращения 16.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). Available at: https://www.bgci.org/about/about-bgci/, accessed 12.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камышанченко Н.В., Бердник А.Н. (2001). Университетский город в России и его традиции (середина ХVIII – начало ХХ века) // Право и образование. № 5. С. 19–40 // http://95.167.109.86/bitstream/123456789/7919/1/Kamyshanchenko_Universitetskiy.pdf, дата обращения 16.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cambridge Local Plan (2018). Cambridge City Council. Available at: https://www.cambridge.gov.uk/media/6890/local-plan-2018.pdf, accessed 18.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катровский А.П. (2003). Территориальная организация высшей школы России. Смоленск: Ойкумена.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demographiebericht: Ein Baustein des Wegweisers Kommune (2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романова Е.В., Никифорова Н.Ю. (2020). Экономико-географические аспекты участия немецких вузоввинновационных процессах // Региональные исследования. № 3(69). С. 92–104 // https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_44280227_53175942.pdf, дата обращения 22.01.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Die Leistungen der Stadt Heidelberg für Sie Informationen zum Haushalt (2020). Heidelberg. Available at: https://www.heidelberg.de/site/Heidelberg_ROOT/get/documents_E-2128433235/heidelberg/Objektdatenbank/20/PDF/20_pdf_Haushaltbroschuere_2019_2020.pdf, accessed 20.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов В.А., Фадеева Л.А., Пунина К.А., Голубев С.В. (2013). Университет и региональные (городские) сообщества: модели сосуществования и управленческие механизмы интеграции (Российский и европейский опыт) // ARS Administrandi. № 4. С. 102–116 // https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/universitet-i-regionalnye-gorodskie-soobschestva-modeli-sosuschestvovaniya-i-upravlencheskie-mehanizmy-integratsii-rossiyskiy-i, дата обращения 22.01.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Die Universität Göttingen (2021). Available at: https://www.uni-goettingen.de/, accessed 18.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрелецкий В.Н. (2011). Марбург // Энциклопедия «Всемирная история» // https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/5684336, дата обращения 24.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Education – Cities and Greater Cities (2021). Eurostat. Available at: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_ceduc&amp;lang=en, accessed 12.03.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ave G. (2016). University Cities: A Strategic Resource of Small and Medium-Sized Cities in Europe // Cities as Multiple Landscapes (eds. Antenhofer C., Bischof G., Dupont R.L., Leitner U.), Frankfurt, New York, pp. 61–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gevorgyan O.I., Minaev N.N., Zharova E. (2020). University Cities’ Evolution in Context of Human Capital Accumulation. XVII International Conference of Students and Young Scientists “Prospects of Fundamental Sciences Development”. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20208001008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) // https://www.bgci.org/about/about-bgci/, дата обращения 12.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ICEGOV-2020 (2020). Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (eds. Charalabidis Y., Cunha M.A., Sarantis D.), pp.674–677.DOI:10.1145/3428502.3428601</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cambridge Local Plan (2018) // Cambridge City Council // https://www.cambridge.gov.uk/media/6890/local-plan2018.pdf, дата обращения 18.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamyshanchenko N.V., Berdnik A.N. (2001). University City in Russia and Its Traditions (mid 18th – early 20th century). Law and Education, no 5, pp. 19–40. Available at: http://95.167.109.86/bitstream/123456789/7919/1/Kamyshanchenko_Universitetskiy.pdf, accessed 16.04.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demographiebericht: Ein Baustein des Wegweisers Kommune (2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katrovskiy A.P. (2003). Territorial Organization of Higher Education in Russia, Smolensk: Oikumena (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Die Leistungen der Stadt Heidelberg für Sie Informationen zum Haushalt (2020) // Heidelberg // https://www.heidelberg.de/site/Heidelberg_ROOT/get/documents_E-2128433235/heidelberg/Objektdatenbank/20/PDF/20_pdf_Haushaltbroschuere_2019_2020.pdf, дата обращения 20.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazzeroni M., Piccaluga A. (2015). Beyond ‘Town and Gown’: The Role of the University in Small and Medium-Sized Cities. Industry &amp; Higher Education, vol. 29, no 1, pp. 11–23. DOI: 10.5367/ihe.2015.0241</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Die Universität Göttingen (2021) // https://www.uni-goettingen.de/, дата обращения 18.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee Y., Ya Han G., Kim H-I. (2014). The University-City Interface: Plazas and Boulevards. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, vol. 2, no 2, pp. 157–165. DOI: 10.4236/jbcpr.2014.22014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Education – Cities and Greater Cities (2021) // Eurostat // https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_ceduc&amp;lang=en, дата обращения 12.03.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marburg Universitätsstadt (2021). Available at: https://www.marburg.de, accessed 23.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gevorgyan O.I., Minaev N.N., Zharova E. (2020). University Cities’ Evolution in Context of Human Capital Accumulation // XVII International Conference of Students and Young Scientists “Prospects of Fundamental Sciences Development”. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20208001008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parque Cientifico (2021). USAL, La Universidad de Salamanca. Available at: https://www.usal.es/parque-cientifico, accessed 05.03.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ICEGOV-2020 (2020) // Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (eds. Charalabidis Y., Cunha M.A., Sarantis D.), pp. 674–677. DOI: 10.1145/3428502.3428601</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poelman H., Dijkstra L. (2018). Access to Universities in the EU: A Regional and Territorial Analysis. Regional Focus: Regional and Urban Policy. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/focus/2018_12_access_universities.pdf, accessed 15.05.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazzeroni M., Piccaluga A. (2015). Beyond ‘Town and Gown’: The Role of the University in Small and Medium-Sized Cities // Industry &amp; Higher Education, vol. 29, no 1, pp. 11–23. DOI: 10.5367/ihe.2015.0241</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quaglia E.D., Rojas J.T. (2014). Ideals for a University City. Living CU 60 Years: Ciudad Universitaria 1954–2014 (eds. Lizarraga S., López C.), Facultad de Arquitectura UNAM, pp. 95–132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y., Ya Han G., Kim H-I. (2014). The University-City Interface: Plazas and Boulevards // Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, vol. 2, no 2, pp. 157– 165. DOI: 10.4236/jbcpr.2014.22014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova E.V., Nikiforova N.Yu (2020). Social-economic Aspects of German Universities  Innovation  Activities.  Regional Studies, no 3(69), pp. 92–104. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_44280227_53175942.pdf, accessed 22.01.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marburg Universitätsstadt (2021) // https://www.marburg.de, дата обращения 23.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seils E., Baumann H. (2019). Verfügbare Haushaltseinkommen Im Regionalen Vergleich. WSI Verteilungsmonitor. Available at: https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/wsi_vm_verfuegbare_einkommen.pdf, accessed 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parque Cientifico (2021) // USAL, La Universidad de Salamanca // https://www.usal.es/parque-cientifico, дата обращения 05.03.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov V.A., Fadeeva L.A., Punina K.A., Golubev S.V. (2013). University and Regional (City) Communities: Models of Coexistence and Management Mechanisms of Integration (Russian and European Experience). ARS Administrandi, no 4, pp. 102–116. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/universitet-i-regionalnye-gorodskie-soobschestva-modeli-sosuschestvovaniya-i-upravlencheskie-mehanizmy-integratsii-rossiyskiy-i,accessed 22.01.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poelman H., Dijkstra L. (2018). Access to Universities in the EU: A Regional and Territorial Analysis // Regional Focus: Regional and Urban Policy // https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/focus/2018_12_access_universities.pdf, дата обращения 15.05.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sozialbericht. Tübingen Universitätsstadt (2019). Available at: https://www.buendnis-fuer-familie-tuebingen.de/mediawiki/images/0/06/T%C3%BCbingen_-_Sozialbericht_2019.pdf, accessed 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quaglia E.D., Rojas J.T. (2014). Ideals for a University City // Living CU 60 Years: Ciudad Universitaria 1954–2014 (eds. Lizarraga S., López C.), Facultad de Arquitectura UNAM, pp. 95–132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stadt Göttingen – Göttinger Statistik Aktuell (2018). Available at: https://www. goettingen.de/aktuelles.html, accessed 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seils E., Baumann H. (2019). Verfügbare Haushaltseinkommen Im Regionalen Vergleich // WSI Verteilungsmonitor // https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/wsi_vm_verfu-egbare_einkommen.pdf, дата обращения 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stifterverband (2021). Available at: https://www.stifterverband.org/wirtschaftfaktor-hochschule, accessed 21.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sozialbericht. Tübingen Universitätsstadt (2019) // https://www.buendnis-fuer-familie-tuebingen.de/mediawiki/images/0/06/T%C3%BCbingen_-_Sozialbericht_2019.pdf, датаобращения 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streletsky V.N. (2011). Marburg. Encyclopedia of “World History”. Available at: https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/5684336, accessed 24.04.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stadt Göttingen – Göttinger Statistik Aktuell (2018) // https://www.goettingen.de/aktuelles.html, дата обращения 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strukturdaten für die kreisfreien Städte und Landkreise (2021). Bundeswahlleiter. Available at: https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/europawahlen/2019/strukturdaten.html, accessed 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stifterverband (2019) // https://www.stifterverband.org/wirtschaftsfaktor-hochschule, дата обращения 21.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tübingen Universitätsstadt (2021). Available at: https://www.tuebingen.de/studieren-de, accessed 18.03.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strukturdaten für die kreisfreien Städte und Landkreise (2019) // Bundeswahlleiter // https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/europawahlen/2019/strukturdaten.html, дата обращения 20.05.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urban Europe. Statistics on Cities, Towns and Suburbs (2016). Eurostat. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/7596823/KS-01-16691-EN-N.pdf/0abf140c-ccc7-4a7f-b236682effcde10f, accessed 22.03.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tübingen Universitätsstadt (2021) // https://www.tuebingen.de/studierende, дата обращения 18.03.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vendina O.I. (2006). Strategies for the Development of the Largest Cities in Russia: Search for Conceptual Solutions. Demoscope Weekly, no 247–248. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0247/analit01.php, accessed 16.04.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urban Europe. Statistics on Cities, Towns and Suburbs (2016) // Eurostat // https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/7596823/KS-01-16-691-EN-N.pdf/0abf140c-ccc7-4a7f-b236-682effcde10f, дата обращения 22.03.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vendina O.I. (2010). Invisible Shifts in Urban Development. Demoscope Weekly, no 407–408. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2010/0407/analit01.php, accessed 16.04.2021 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wirtschafts und Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in Heidelberg: Gutachten im Auftrag der Stadt Heidelberg, Leonberg (2016) // Heidelberg // https://www.heidelberg.de/site/Heidelberg_ROOT/get/documents_E1255089102/heidelberg/Objektdatenbank/80/PDF/80_pdf_Gutachten%20Wirtschafts-%20und%20Arbeitsmarktentwicklung.pdf, дата обращения 16.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wirtschafts und Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in Heidelberg: Gutachten im Auftrag der Stadt Heidelberg, Leonberg (2016). Heidelberg. Available at: https://www.heidelberg.de/site/Heidelberg_ROOT/get/documents_E1255089102/heidelberg/Objektdatenbank/80/PDF/80_pdf_Gutachten%20Wirtschafts-%20und%20Arbeitsmarktentwicklung.pdf, accessed 16.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wirtschaftsfaktor hochschule: Investitionen, ökonomische Erträge und regionale Effekte (2016) // Stifterverband // http://www.stifterverband.de/wirtschafts-faktor-hochschule/wirtschaftfaktor_hochschule.pdf, дата обращения 10.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wirtschaftsfaktor hochschule: Investitionen, ökonomische Erträgeundregionale Effekte (2013). Stifterverband. Available at: http://www.stifterverband.de/wirtschafts-faktor-hochschule/wirtschaftfaktor_hochschule.pdf, accessed 10.04.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
