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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-2-3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Азия: вызовы и перспективы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Asia: Challenges and Perspectives</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политическая культура в трансформационных странах: опыт Китая за 40 лет после реформы и открытости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political Culture of Transforming Countries: The Experience of China in the Past 40 Years since Reform and Opening Up</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайтин</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haiting</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фэй Хайтин - кандидат исторических наук, доцент Центра исследования китайской политики.</p><p>100871, Yi Heyuan St., no 5, Peking University, Haidian district, Beijing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fei Haiting - DSc in History, Assistant Professor of Research Center of Chinese Politics.</p><p>100871, Yi Heyuan St., no 5, Peking University, Haidian district, Beijing</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">feihaiting@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа Государственного Управления, Пекинский Университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Government, Peking University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Актуальные проблемы стран и регионов глобального Юга</issue-title><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хайтин Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хайтин Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Haiting F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/754">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/754</self-uri><abstract><p>С тех пор, как теория «политической культуры» была создана для научного анализа Г. Алмондом, она стала важным инструментом политических и политологических исследований. В основе теории лежит консенсус в отношении того, что хорошая политическая культура может способствовать политическому развитию. Многие страны, находящиеся на трансформационном этапе, стремятся как можно скорее сформировать свою гражданскую культуру в соответствии с процессом демократизации, но зачастую это идет вразрез с их волей. В самом начале переходного периода они столкнулись с дилеммой выбора традиционной и гражданской культуры. Кроме того, развитие политической культуры не всегда сопровождается традиционным подходом к современности. Поэтому необходимо размышление о принципе развития политической культуры с учетом истории и реальности. По мнению китайских ученых, политическая культура - это не только нравственность, эмоция и отношение личности, не только идеология страны - в нее включается многоуровневое содержание: идеология, ценность, психология и поведение человека. Эта точка зрения сочетается с теорией политической культуры, определением советской культурологии и пониманием традиционной культуры Китая. В трансформационных странах развитие политической культуры проявляется главным образом в изменении и взаимодействии разных политических субкультур. В то же время политическая субкультура взаимодействует с изменениями в социальной структуре и политической системе. Политическая субкультура в трансформационных странах характеризуется шестью основными видами: политической субкультурой сельских и крестьянских районов, политической субкультурой традиционных городских рабочих и рабочих из числа мигрантов из сельской местности, политической субкультурой частных предпринимателей, политической субкультурой бюрократии и чиновников, политической субкультурой среднего класса и политической субкультурой в Интернете. Анализ основных видов политической субкультуры в Китае после реформы позволяет сделать вывод о том, что политическая культура может представлять собой сложный путь развития, а также различные идеалы и модели.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the establishment of political culture analysis framework by Almond, it has become an important tool of political science and political analysis. The basic consensus on political culture is that a good political culture can promote political development. Many countries in transformation expect to shape their own civic culture as soon as possible to match their democratization process, but things often go against their wills. They are faced with a dilemma between traditional culture and civic culture at the very beginning of transformation. Besides, the development of political culture does not always present the simple path of traditional to modern type. Therefore, it is very necessary to reflect the principles of political culture development in combination with history and reality. From the view of Chinese scholars, political culture is neither only belief, feeling and attitude of individual, nor the ideology of a nation, but has multi-level content including ideology, value, psychology and action. This view combines the method of political culture analysis, the definition of Soviet culturology and the understanding of Chinese traditional culture. In transforming countries, the development of political culture is mainly manifested in the change and interaction of political subcultures. And at the same time, political subculture interacts with the change of social structure and political system. There are six main types of political subculture in transforming countries: political subculture of countryside and peasants, workers and migrant workers, private entrepreneurs, bureaucrats and officials, middle class and network. Through the analysis of these main types of political subculture in China after the reform and opening up, it can be concluded that political culture may present a complex path of development, and there may also be a variety of different development patterns and ideal forms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культура</kwd><kwd>политическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>политическая субкультура</kwd><kwd>китайские политики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political culture</kwd><kwd>political transformation</kwd><kwd>subculture</kwd><kwd>Chinese politics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ирхин Ю.В. (2017) Политическая Культура, Часть 1: Запад и Россия. М.: Юрайт.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almond G. (1956) Comparative Political Systems. Journal of Politics, vol. 18, no 3, pp. 391-409. 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