centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-12centero-727Research ArticleВ рамках дискуссииUnder DiscussionКосово: сецессия как национальный проектKosovo: Secession as a Nation-building Projecthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-4672КудряшоваИ. В.KudryashovaI. V.

Ирина Владимировна Кудряшова - кандидат политических наук, доцент, кафедра сравнительной политологии

119454, проспект Вернадского, д. 76, Москва

Irina V. Kudryashova - PhD in Politics, Associate Professor, Department of Comparative Politics

119454, Vernadsky Av., 76, Moscow

i.kudryashova@inno.mgimo.ruМелешкинаЕ. Ю.MeleshkinaE. Yu.

Елена Юрьевна Мелешкина - доктор политических наук, главный научный сотрудник

117418, Нахимовский проспект, д. 51/21, Москва

Elena Yu. Meleshkina - DSc in Politics, Chief Researcher

117418, Nakhimovsky Av., 51/21, Moscow

elenameleshkina@yandex.ruМосковский государственный институт международных отношений МИД РоссииРоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University)Russian FederationИнститут научной информации по общественным наукам РАН (ИНИОН РАН)РоссияInstitute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN)Russian Federation202128012021141Сепаратизм, сецессионизм и государственные границы228249Copyright © Кудряшова И.В., Мелешкина Е.Ю., 20212021Кудряшова И.В., Мелешкина Е.Ю.Kudryashova I.V., Meleshkina E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/727

В статье рассматривается процесс национально-государственного строительства в частично признанной Республике Косово. Авторы отвечают на вопрос, возможно ли успешное решение задачи создания институтов государства при активном участии международных акторов в случае правозащитной сецессии. Выявляются факторы, определяющие возможности создания эффективных государственных институтов и их легитимность в Косово: традиции самостоятельной государственности и организации власти в целом, особенности социокультурного и этнического состава населения, его изменение в ходе вооруженного конфликта, цели и стратегии внешних акторов – «строителей государства», соответствие целей и мер внешних «строителей государства» запросам внутренних акторов и населения, качество использования новых институтов местными акторами. Сделан вывод, что специфика традиций организации власти, неконсолидированность границ (в т. ч. социокультурных и этнических), противоречия между участвующими в политических процессах Косово международными структурами, а также между ними и внутренними акторами в значительной степени осложняют процесс государственного строительства в республике. Это подтверждают основные показатели развития институтов и экономики, которые за годы после провозглашения независимости не улучшаются или улучшаются незначительно. Кроме того, одной из значительных проблем консолидации политии является слабая политическая интеграция сербского меньшинства, особенно в Северном Косово, что ставит под вопрос перспективы образования единой гражданской нации в рамках существующих границ.

The article focuses on stateаnd nation-building in the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The main research question is whether it is possible to build effective state institutions within non-consolidated borders after a “remedial secession” relying on the support of international actors. The article identifies the factors that determine this possibility. They are tradition of independent political being and power organization; peculiarities of sociocultural and ethnic composition; goals and strategies of the external actors and their compliance with needs of the internal actors and the population; level of new institutions’ applicability. The authors conclude that the tradition of power organization, non-consolidated borders (including socio-cultural borders), contradictions between different international organizations and between them and internal actors hamper the process of state-building in Kosovo to a great extent. The evidence is the lack of visible improvements reflected by indicators of the economic and institutional development. Furthermore, weak integration of Serbian minority, especially in the North Kosovo, remains a major challenge to nation-building within existing borders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.