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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-6-1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-699</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>С точки зрения экономики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>From the Point of Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иностранный капитал в Африке: теории, стратегии, новации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Capital in Africa: Theories, Strategies and Novations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-6709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фитуни</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fituni</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фитуни Леонид Леонидович - член-корреспондент РАН, доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий Центром глобальных и стратегических исследований, заместитель директора.</p><p>123001, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid L. Fituni - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DSc in Economics, Professor, Director, Centre for Strategic &amp; Global Studies, Vice-Director.</p><p>125001, Spiridonovka St., 30/1, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">africa.institute@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт Африки, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>Иностранный капитал в экономике и мировой политике</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фитуни Л.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фитуни Л.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fituni L.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/699">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/699</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на предпринимаемые усилия в рамках национальных стратегий и общеафриканской программы Agenda 2063, иностранные источники по-прежнему обеспечивают большую часть валовых накоплений в странах Африки. Государства континента являются чистыми импортерами иностранного капитала (ИК) в целом и прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ) в частности. В статье рассмотрена эволюция стратегий африканских государств в отношении ИК и результаты изменения подходов правительств к практике его привлечения. Цель статьи - дать политико-экономический анализ позиций ИК и оценку его влияния на развитие стран Африки, в первую очередь с точки зрения достижения баланса в их государственной политике между интересами преодоления отсталости и обеспечения экономического роста, с одной стороны, и изживания сохраняющихся с колониальных времен рудиментов экономической зависимости, с другой. Основное внимание уделено текущему этапу соперничества между американским, китайским и европейским капиталами в Африке. Выделены новые тенденции и сдвиги в географическом и отраслевом распределении ПИИ, установлена эффективность отдачи от инвестирования зарубежного капитала в странах региона. Показано, что создаваемый западным капиталом в результате прямого инвестирования тип сетевых связей в африканских экономиках и обществах и формирование в этих сетях контролируемых узлов управления в стране-реципиенте при прочих равных условиях более эффективен для распространения влияния и достижения конечных результатов охвата, чем китайская модель. Выявлено воздействие негативных сдвигов в глобальном инвестиционном климате, проистекающих из развязанной Западом тотальной санкционной и торговой войны, серьезно осложняющих условия развития стран Африки. Вызовы пандемии и экономического кризиса 2020 года для стран Африки дополняются побочными эффектами обострения глобальной конфронтации и волюнтаристских действий, игнорирующих международное право и произвольно меняющих устоявшиеся правила международных экономических отношений. Автор приходит к выводу, что перспективы улучшения ситуации для африканских стран сегодня более зависят от возможностей оздоровления глобальной ситуации, чем от усилий национальных правительств по созданию правовых и экономических условий на внутренних рынках приложения капитала. Вместе с тем африканские страны в средне- и долгосрочной перспективе, по-видимому, будут не просто оставаться одновременно привлекательным и сложным объектом приложения ИК, а постепенно обходить по уровню привлекательности многие из современных инвестиционно приоритетных стран и регионов в Европе, Азии и Латинской Америке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Historically, foreign capital has played a significantly larger role in the functioning of African economies than in other large developing regions. The past 20 years have been a period of rapid economic growth in Africa, accompanied by a dynamic growth in the continent’s investment attractiveness.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to provide a political and economic analysis and assessment of the impact of foreign capital on the development of African countries, primarily from the point of view of achieving a difficult balance in their state policy between the interests of overcoming backwardness and ensuring economic growth, on the one hand, and overcoming the rudiments of economic dependence that have persisted since colonial times, on the other. The main attention is paid to the current stage of competition between American, Chinese and European capital in Africa For about thirty years, African countries have been pursuing a policy of encouraging the inflow of private direct investment, which, according to the leadership of these states, should contribute to sustainable growth and diversification of local economies. To a certain extent, these hopes were justified. Average annual GDP growth rates of the continent’s countries in the 21st century turned out to be the highest over long time periods for the entire period of independent development. In addition, there are certain achievements in the field of diversification of African economies and modernization of production facilities, including even the creation of separate facilities and technological production facilities (in South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania). that meet the requirements of the 4th industrial revolution.</p><p>The negative shifts in the global investment climate stemming from the total sanctions and trade war unleashed by the West seriously complicate the conditions for the development of African countries. Objectively, they lead to a narrowing of the possibilities for attracting foreign capital to their economies and deriving structural advantages from the free use of FDI in their own interests.</p><p>Prospects for improving the situation, it seems, for African countries today depend more on the possibilities of improving the global situation than on the efforts of national governments to create legal and economic conditions in the domestic capital markets. Otherwise, the decisive factors determining the volume and direction of the inflow of foreign capital to Africa will increasingly be the geopolitical decisions of large external players.</p><p>The author concludes that at the same time, it is likely that in the medium-and long - term perspective, African countries will not only remain attractive but uneasy market for foreign capital to operate, but will gradually bypass many of the modern investment priority countries and regions in Europe, Asia and Latin America in terms of attractiveness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ПИИ</kwd><kwd>прибыльность инвестиций</kwd><kwd>побочные эффекты</kwd><kwd>стратегии развития</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>инвестиционное регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>FDI</kwd><kwd>profitability of investment</kwd><kwd>spillovers</kwd><kwd>development strategies</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>investment regulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта РФФИ № 19-01400019 «Санкционное и регулятивное таргетирование национальных элит как инструмент глобального управления и международной конкуренции»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared for the scientific project no 19-014-00019 that is referred to as "Sanctions and regulatory targeting of national elites as a tool of global governance and international competition" and supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамова И. 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