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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-3-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-644</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Культура и идентичность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Culture and Identity</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация африканских повстанческих лидеров: из «полевых командиров» в «большую политику» (на примере Сьерра-Леоне)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Warlords to Politicians: The Transformation of Rebel Leaders in Africa (on the Example of Sierra Leone)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-3503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Денисова </p><p>кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая Центром изучения стран Тропической Африки</p><p>123001, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana S. Denisova </p><p>PhD in History, Leading Researcher, Head of the Centre for Tropical Africa Studies</p><p>123001, Spiridonovka St., 30/1, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsden@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костелянец</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostelyanets</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Валерьянович Костелянец</p><p>кандидат политических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий Центром социологических и политологических исследований; старший научный сотрудник, Международный центр антропологии </p><p>123001, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1, Москва</p><p>101000, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20, Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Kostelyanets </p><p>PhD in Politics, Leading Researcher, Head of the Centre for Sociological and Political Science Studies; Senior Researcher </p><p>123001, Spiridonovka St., 30/1, Moscow</p><p>101000, Myasnitskaya St., 20, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.kostelyanyets@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт Африки РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт Африки РАН; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Глобализация и регионализация: эволюция современных Азии и Африки</issue-title><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>231</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисова Т.С., Костелянец С.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисова Т.С., Костелянец С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisova T.S., Kostelyanets S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/644">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/644</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются процессы трансформации лидеров повстанческих движений и племенных ополчений («полевых командиров») в руководителей политических партий и высокопоставленных чиновников после окончания гражданской войны (1991–2002) в Сьерра‑Леоне. Указывается, что возможности для антиправительственной (или, напротив, проправительственной вооруженной группировки) превратиться в официально признанную политическую организацию, а для недавних полевых командиров – возглавить ее, чтобы выстраивать дальнейшую политическую карьеру, появляются либо в случае победы мятежников, либо после подписания мирного соглашения (как это было в Сьерра‑Леоне) и начала интеграции бывших боевиков в послевоенное общество. Нередко именно реализация программ разоружения, демобилизации и реинтеграции позволяет недавним повстанцам и их лидерам избежать наказания за совершенные во время конфликта преступления. Вместе с тем возможность «получить прощение» – не единственный стимул для превращения полевых командиров в политического деятеля «мирного времени». Известно, что обретение политической власти в африканских странах влечет за собой доступ к различным источникам обогащения, и, поскольку формирование и деятельность вооруженных группировок требуют от их лидеров организационных способностей, предприимчивости и даже харизматичности – наряду, конечно, с менее позитивными чертами характера, – многие полевые командиры, еще не насытившиеся властью и не укрепившие свое материальное положение, стараются «адаптировать» свой военный опыт к мирным условиям. Испытанный способ мирного обретения власти – участие в президентских и парламентских выборах. Предполагается, что выстраивание недавними повстанцами политической карьеры в контексте миростроительства должно предотвращать раскручивание очередной спирали насилия, однако это далеко не всегда так: привыкшие к достижению целей военными средствами, они и в мирной жизни нередко пытаются решать политические вопросы посредством оружия. В статье делается попытка рассмотреть причины «приверженности» миростроительству одних недавних полевых командиров и неспособности добиваться политических целей мирными средствами – других.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper analyzes the processes of transformation of leaders of rebel movements and tribal militias (warlords) into leaders of political parties and senior government officials after the end of the Civil War (1991‑2002) in Sierra Leone. It is argued that the opportunities for an anti‑government (or, on the contrary, pro‑government) armed group to become an officially recognized political organization, and for erstwhile field commanders to become its leaders, emerge either in the event of a rebel victory or after the signing of a peace agreement (as it happened in Sierra Leone) and the beginning of the integration of former militants into the post‑war society. It is usually the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs that allows former rebels and their leaders to escape punishment for crimes committed during conflicts. At the same time, the opportunity to “earn forgiveness” is not the only incentive for a warlord to evolve into a peacetime politician. Indeed, gaining political power in African countries entails access to various sources of enrichment, and since running armed groups requires their leaders to possess organizational and entrepreneurial skills and charisma ‑ naturally, along with less positive character traits ‑ many warlords who have not yet fulfilled their political ambitions or secured their financial situation try to “adapt” their wartime skills and experience to peaceful life. A proven way of gaining power peacefully is by participating in presidential and parliamentary elections. It is assumed that the development of a political career by former rebels in the context of peacebuilding should prevent the unfolding of another spiral of violence, but this is far from always the case: accustomed to achieving goals by military means, they often attempt to solve political issues through violence in peacetime. The paper considers the reasons for certain former rebel leaders to remain committed to peacebuilding and for other warlords to prove unable to achieve political goals by peaceful means.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Африка</kwd><kwd>Сьерра‑Леоне</kwd><kwd>военно‑политические конфликты</kwd><kwd>гражданские войны</kwd><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>президентские выборы</kwd><kwd>миростроительство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Africa</kwd><kwd>Sierra Leone</kwd><kwd>military conflicts</kwd><kwd>political conflicts</kwd><kwd>civil wars</kwd><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>presidential elections</kwd><kwd>peacebuilding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисова Т.С., Костелянец С.В. (2020) Гвинея-Бисау: политическое лидерство и электоральные процессы // Азия и Африка сегодня. № 4. C. 34–41. 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