<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-3-5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-637</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>С точки зрения экономики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>From the Point of Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Что мы узнали о совместных предприятиях в процессе интернационализации китайских транснациональных корпораций (ТНК)? Опыт Центральной Африки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What Have We Learnt of Joint Ventures in the Internationalization Process of Chinese Multinationals (MNCs)? Evidence from Central Africa</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзака-Кикута</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzaka-Kikouta</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теофил Дзака-Кикута</p><p>PhD по экономике и HDR; приглашенный исследователь кафедры экономической теории и прикладной экономики </p><p>Браззавиль </p><p>4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Théophile Dzaka-Kikouta </p><p>Professor, PhD in Economics and HDR; Visiting Researcher BETA </p><p>P.O Box 69, Brazzaville</p><p>4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.dzaka@unistra.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мариана Нгуаби; университет Страсбурга</institution><country>Конго</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville; University of Strasbourg</institution><country>Congo</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Глобализация и регионализация: эволюция современных Азии и Африки</issue-title><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дзака-Кикута Т., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзака-Кикута Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/637">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/637</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной статьи является анализ особой роли совместных предприятий и других форм стратегических альянсов в области прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ), осуществляемых китайскими транснациональными корпорациями в Центральной Африке. После изучения того, в какой степени использование совместных предприятий Китая и Запада помогло китайским фирмам улучшить свои технические и управленческие навыки как на внутреннем, так и на внешнем рынках, основное внимание переключается на членов Экономического сообщества стран Центральной Африки (ЭКОЦАС). Автор приходит к выводу, что совместные предприятия ста ли для китайских транснациональных компаний основным каналом ПИИ, чем подтверждает гипотезу о том, что в исследуемом регионе эта стратегия позволяет китайским ТНК обеспечить гарантированные поставки сырья (нефти и таких продуктов горнодобывающей промышленности, как медь, кобальт, золото и алмазы). В рамках т. н. пакетных сделок она связывает ПИИ, китайскую программу помощи и торговли, также известную как «ангольская модель». Это позволяет завоевывать внешние рынки для технологий и промышленных товаров, созданных по программе «Сделано в Китае»), а также, пусть и в меньшей степени, приобретать стратегические активы (бренды, технологические инновации, управленческие навыки). Приверженность китайских государственных ТНК принципу «пакетных сделок», по-видимому, является краеугольным камнем стабильности и устойчивости китайских ПИИ в Центральной Африке и в целом на континенте. Завершается статья выводом о том, что ожидаемый приток китайских ПИИ в Центральную Африку будет способствовать процессу устойчивого развития стран – получателей помощи при условии надлежащего политического и экономического управления. Одним из предварительных условий этого является достижение институциональных изменений, подразумевающих переход на государственном уровне от рентоориентированного поведения к развитию. Результатом такого перехода могло бы стать расширение возможностей для инженерного потенциала, осуществляемого путем укрепления человеческого капитала и переговоров о передаче интеллектуальной собственности и технологий с партнерами из развивающихся стран, особенно из стран БРИКС (Бразилия, Россия, Индия, Китай и ЮАР).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this article is to analyze the specific role of joint ventures and other strategic alliances in Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) carried out by Chinese Multinationals Corporations in Central Africa. After exploring the extent to which the use of Sino‑Western joint ventures has helped Chinese firms to improve their technical and managerial skills both in domestic and foreign markets, the focus shifts to Central African countries members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). The result is that joint ventures have become a major vehicle for Chinese multinationals firms to channel FDI, thus supporting the hypothesis that in the region under study this strategy allows them to guarantee the supply of raw materials (oil and mining products: copper, cobalt, gold, diamond,..), as part of a “package deals” linking FDI, Chinese Aid and Trade, also known as “Angolan model”; to conquer foreign markets (for technology and manufactured goods “Made in China”) and; to a lesser extent, to acquire strategic assets (brands, technological innovation, managerial skills).The commitment of Chinese stateowned MNCs through the “package deals” appears to be the keystone of stability and sustainability of Chinese FDI in Central Africa and in the continent In conclusion, the expectation is that the flow of Chinese FDI to Central Africa, should contribute to the process of sustainable development in recipient countries, provided that adequate political and economic governance is guaranteed. A pre‑requisite is to achieve institutional change, from a rent‑seeking to a developmental behavior at the state level, the result being an enhanced capacity to promote engineering potential, through the strengthening of human capital, and to negotiate transfer of technology and know‑how, with emerging countries partners, especially BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прямые иностранные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>китайские транснациональные корпорации</kwd><kwd>совестные предприятия</kwd><kwd>стратегические альянсы</kwd><kwd>«ангольская модель»</kwd><kwd>«пакетные сделки»</kwd><kwd>приобретение технологий</kwd><kwd>внешние рынки</kwd><kwd>поставки сырья</kwd><kwd>Центральная Африка</kwd><kwd>ЭКОЦАС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>FDI</kwd><kwd>Chinese multinationals</kwd><kwd>joint ventures</kwd><kwd>strategic alliances</kwd><kwd>“Angolan model”</kwd><kwd>“package deals”</kwd><kwd>technology acquisition</kwd><kwd>foreign markets</kwd><kwd>supplies of raw materials</kwd><kwd>Central Africa</kwd><kwd>ECCAS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abodohoui A., Su Z., Da Silva I.A. (2018) Chinese Investments in Africa: What have We Learnt? // Management International/International Management, vol. 22, no 3, pp. 129–142 // http://www.managementinternational.ca/catalog/volumes/chinese-investmentsin-africa-what-have-we-learnt.html, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abodohoui A., Su Z., Da Silva I.A. (2018) Chinese Investments in Africa: What have We Learnt? Management International/International Management, vol. 22, no 3, pp. 129–142. Available at: http://www.managementinternational.ca/catalog/volumes/chinese-investments-inafrica-what-have-we-learnt.html, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acker K., Braitigam D., Huang Y. (2020) Debt Relief with Chinese Characteristics // CARI. Working Paper, No. 39 // https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5efe942-ba09c523cbf9440a9/1593742380749/WP+39+-+Acker%2C+Brautigam%2C+-Huang+-+Debt+Relief.pdf, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acker K., Braitigam D., Huang Y. (2020) Debt Relief with Chinese Characteristics. CARI. Working Paper, No. 39. Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/5efe942ba09c523cbf9440a9/1593-742380749/WP+39+-+Acker%2C+Brautigam%2C+Huang+-+Debt+Relief.pdf, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adekunle S. (2011) L’OPA de la SONIPEC sur ADDAX Petroleum // Outre-Terre, no 30, pp. 181–186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adekunle S. (2011) L’OPA de la SONIPEC sur ADDAX Petroleum. OutreTerre, no 30, pp. 181–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allaire N., Harbulot C. (2008) Joint Venture Airbus-China Aviation à Tianjin en Chine. Le Casse-tête Chinois de la “Coopétition” // L'Usine Nouvelle, November 19, 2008 // https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/joint-venture-airbus-chinaaviation-a-tianjin-en-chine-le-casse-tetechinois-de-la-coopetition.N27059, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">эъъъъъъъ N27059, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreff W. (2016) BRICs et Emergents: Les Nouveaux Investisseurs Internationaux // La Vie des Idées, March 9, 2016 // https://laviedesidees.fr/BRICs-et-emergentsles-nouveaux-investisseurs-internationaux.html, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allaire N., Harbulot C. (2008) Joint Venture Airbus-China Aviation à Tianjin en Chine. Le Casse-tête Chinois de la “Coopétition”. L’Usine Nouvelle, November 19, 2008. Available at: https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/joint-venture-airbus-china-aviation-a-tianjin-en-chinele-casse-tete-chinois-de-la-coopetition.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boucly Q., Brière H., Gravereau J. (2007) Les Entreprises Chinoises à la Conquête du Monde, HEC-Paris, HEC Eurasia Institute, Octobre, Paris.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreff W. (2016) BRICs et Emergents: Les Nouveaux Investisseurs Internationaux. La Vie des Idées, March 9, 2016. Available at: https://laviedesidees.fr/BRICs-et-emergents-les-nouveaux-investisseurs-internationaux.html, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brautigam D. (2009) Looking East: Africa’s Neweast Investment Partners. Africa Emerging Markets Forum, September 13– 15, Western Cape, South Africa.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boucly Q., Brière H., Gravereau J. (2007) Les Entreprises Chinoises à la Conquête du Monde, HEC-Paris, HEC Eurasia Institute, Octobre, Paris.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brautigam D., Xiaoyang T. (2011) African Shenzhen: China’s Special Economic Zones in Africa // Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 49, no 1, pp. 27–54. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X10000649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brautigam D. (2009) Looking East: Africa’s Neweast Investment Partners. Africa Emerging Markets Forum, September 13– 15, Western Cape, South Africa.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui L., Jiang F. (2009) FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behaviour Perspective // Journal of World Business, vol. 44, no 4, pp. 434–444. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brautigam D., Xiaoyang T. (2011) African Shenzhen: China’s Special Economic Zones in Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 49, no 1, pp. 27–54. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X10000649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunning J.H. (1993) Multinationals Enterprises and the Global Economy, Addison-Wesley.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui L., Jiang F. (2009) FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behaviour Perspective. Journal of World Business, vol. 44, no 4, pp. 434–444. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dussauge P. (2010) Le Rôle des Alliances et Joint-ventures dans la Multinationalisation des Entreprises Chinoises // Les Multinationales Chinoises (ed. Larçon J.P.), Paris: Editions ESKA, pp. 263–285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunning J.H. (1993) Multinationals Enterprises and the Global Economy, Addison-Wesley.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (1996) La Privatisation des Entreprises Publiques et les Ré- centes Mutations des Formes de Partenariat Nord-Sud au Congo: L’entreprise Conjointe et les Alternatives Stratégiques dans la Dynamique de Croissance // Entreprises et Dynamique de Croissance (eds. Haudeville B., Lelart M.), AUPELF-UREF, Serviced, Tunis, pp. 253–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dussauge P. (2010) Le Rôle des Alliances et Joint-ventures dans la Multinationalisation des Entreprises Chinoises. Les Multinationales Chinoises (ed. Larçon J.P.), Paris: Editions ESKA, pp. 263–285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (2008) L’Aide Publique au Développement de la Chine aux Pays Pétroliers et Miniers d’Afrique Centrale: Une Béquille Indispensable au Renforcement de sa Présence Economique? // Techniques Financières et Développement, no 89, pp. 27–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (1996) La Privatisation des Entreprises Publiques et les Ré- centes Mutations des Formes de Partenariat Nord-Sud au Congo: L’entreprise Conjointe et les Alternatives Stratégiques dans la Dynamique de Croissance. Entreprises et Dynamique de Croissance (eds. Haudeville B., Lelart M.), AUPELF-UREF, Serviced, Tunis, pp. 253–269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (2011) L’Investissement Chinois en Afrique Centrale // Outre-Terre, no 30, pp. 207–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (2008) L’Aide Publique au Développement de la Chine aux Pays Pétroliers et Miniers d’Afrique Centrale: Une Béquille Indispensable au Renforcement de sa Présence Economique? Techniques Financières et Développement, no 89, pp. 27–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Kern F. (2019) Le Rôle des Joint-ventures et Alliances Straté- giques dans l’Internationalisation des Multinationales Chinoises: Vecteur d’Émergence Economique des Pays du Maghreb et d’Afrique Centrale? // Cahiers de l’Association Tiers-Monde, no 34, pp. 67– 78 // http://www.mondesendeveloppement.eu/medias/files/cahier-atm-34-2020.pdf, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T. (2011) L’Investissement Chinois en Afrique Centrale. OutreTerre, no 30, pp. 207–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Kern F., Gonella C. (2013) Chinese Economic Cooperation with Central Africa and the Transfer of Knowledge and Know-how // African East-Asian Affairs. The China Monitor, no 2, pp. 39–60. DOI: 10.7552/0-2-105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Kern F. (2019) Le Rôle des Joint-ventures et Alliances Stratégiques dans l’Internationalisation des Multinationales Chinoises: Vecteur d’Émergence Economique des Pays du Maghreb et d’Afrique Centrale? Cahiers de l’Association Tiers‑Monde, no 34, pp. 67– 78. Available at: http://www.mondesendeveloppement.eu/medias/files/cahieratm-34-2020.pdf, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Sumata C. (2014) Les Multinationales Chinoises et Leurs IDE en Afrique Centrale: Mobiles et Stratégies // Les Migrants et l’Investissement en Afrique (ed. Sumata C.), Paris: l’Harmattan, pp. 111–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Kern F., Gonella C. (2013) Chinese Economic Cooperation with Central Africa and the Transfer of Knowledge and Know-how. African EastAsian Affairs. The China Monitor, no 2, pp. 39–60. DOI: 10.7552/0-2-105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jolly D. (2001) France-Chine, Jointventures et Transferts Technologiques // Revue Française de Gestion, Mars-AvrilMai, pp. 32–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzaka-Kikouta T., Sumata C. (2014) Les Multinationales Chinoises et Leurs IDE en Afrique Centrale: Mobiles et Stratégies. Les Migrants et l’Investissement en Afrique (ed. Sumata C.), Paris: l’Harmattan, pp. 111–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplinsky R., Morris M. (2009) Chinese FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: Engaging with Large Dragons // European Journal of Development Research, vol. 21, no 4, pp. 551–569. DOI: 10.1057/ejdr.2009.24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolly D. (2001) France-Chine, Jointventures et Transferts Technologiques. Revue Française de Gestion, Mars-Avril-Mai, pp. 32–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolstad I., Wiig A. (2009) What Determines Chinese Outward FDI? // ChrMichelsen Institute, CMI Working Paper, no 3, pp. 1–19 // https://www.cmi.no/publications/3332-what-determines-chineseoutward-fdi, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplinsky R., Morris M. (2009) Chinese FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: Engaging with Large Dragons. European Journal of Development Research, vol. 21, no 4, pp. 551–569. DOI: 10.1057/ejdr.2009.24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landry D.G. (2018) The Risks and Rewards of Resource – for Infrastructure Deals: Lessons from the Congo’s Sicomines Agreement // CARI. Policy Brief. No. 22 // https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/01911-sicomines-workingpaper-landry-v6.pdf, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolstad I., Wiig A. (2009) What Determines Chinese Outward FDI? ChrMichelsen Institute, CMI Working Paper, no 3, pp. 1–19. Available at: https://www.cmi.no/publications/3332-what-determineschinese-outward-fdi, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Huiping (2005) Technological Capability Accumulation in International JointVenture in China. Global Conference at South Africa, October 31– November 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landry D.G. (2018) The Risks and Rewards of Resource – for-Infrastructure Deals: Lessons from the Congo’s Sicomines Agreement. CARI. Policy Brief. No. 22. Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/01911-sicomines-workingpaper-landry-v6.pdf, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L., Tian Y. (2008) The Internationalization of Chinese Enterprises: The Analysis of the UK Case // International Journal of Technology and Globalization, vol. 4, no 1, pp. 87–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Huiping (2005) Technological Capability Accumulation in International JointVenture in China. Global Conference at South Africa, October 31– November 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magassa I. (2011) Stratégies Chinoises de Financement et de Pénétration des Marchés Africains // Outre-Terre, no 30, pp. 29–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu L., Tian Y. (2008) The Internationalization of Chinese Enterprises: The Analysis of the UK Case. International Journal of Technology and Globalization, vol. 4, no 1, pp. 87–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mowery D.C., Oxley J.E., Silverman B.S. (1996) Strategic Alliances and Inter-firm Knowledge Transfer // Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 77–91. DOI: 10.1002/smj.4250171108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magassa I. (2011) Stratégies Chinoises de Financement et de Pénétration des Marchés Africains. Outre‑Terre, no 30, pp. 29–34. Mowery D.C., Oxley J.E., Silverman</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pairault T. (2009) La Chine entre Investissement Sortant et Investissement Entrant. XXVe Journées du Développement sur “Attractivité, Gouvernance et Développement”, Luxembourg.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B.S. (1996) Strategic Alliances and Inter-firm Knowledge Transfer. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 77–91. DOI: 10.1002/smj.4250171108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pairault T. (2014) Developmental States: How Algeria Makes the Best of China to Promote Its Development. International Conference, October 30–31, Moscow, Russia Peoples’ Friendship University.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pairault T. (2009) La Chine entre Investissement Sortant et Investissement Entrant. XXVe Journées du Développement sur “Attractivité, Gouvernance et Développement”, Luxembourg.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pairault T. (2019) Kribi: Bolloré, CMACGM &amp; CHEC // https://halshs.archivesouvertes.fr/halshs-02065226/document, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pairault T. (2014) Developmental States: How Algeria Makes the Best of China to Promote Its Development. International Conference, October 30–31, Moscow, Russia Peoples’ Friendship University.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pairault T. (2020) Investissements en Afrique: La Chine et les “Partenaires Traditionnels” // https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02453915/document, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pairault T. (2019) Kribi: Bolloré, CMACGM &amp; CHEC. Available at: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02065226/document, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pietrobelli C., Rabellotti R., Sanfilippo M. (2010) The “Marco Polo” Effect; Chinese FDI in Italy, IEPP 2010/04 Chatham house.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pairault T. (2020) Investissements en Afrique: La Chine et les “Partenaires Traditionnels”. Available at: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02453915/document, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanfilippo M. (2010) Chinese FDI to Africa: What Is the Nexus with Foreign Economic Cooperation? // African Development Review, vol. 22, no S1, pp. 599–614. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8268.2010.00261.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pietrobelli C., Rabellotti R., Sanfilippo M. (2010) The “Marco Polo” Effect; Chinese FDI in Italy, IEPP 2010/04 Chatham house.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiere R., Ndikumana L., Walkenhorst P. (2011) La Chine et l’Afrique: Un Nouveau Partenariat pour le Développement?, Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD), Tunis.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanfilippo M. (2010) Chinese FDI to Africa: What Is the Nexus with Foreign Economic Cooperation? African Development Review, vol. 22, no S1, pp. 599–614. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8268.2010.00261.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Wei, Arvanitis R. (2008) L’Inégal Développement Industriel de la Chine: Capacités d’Innovation et Coexistence de Différents Modes d’Apprentissage Technologique // Région et Développement, no 28, pp. 61–85 // https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/acc5/8e3a864db60-fceb535cba8bf32f0cdd43984.pdf?_ga=2.192409257.2066860176.1595328675-17-45969251.1586374520, дата обращения 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiere R., Ndikumana L., Walkenhorst P. (2011) La Chine et l’Afrique: Un Nouveau Partenariat pour le Développement?, Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD), Tunis.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Wei, Arvanitis R. (2008) L’Inégal Développement Industriel de la Chine: Capacités d’Innovation et Coexistence de Différents Modes d’Apprentissage Technologique. Région et Développement, no 28, pp. 61–85. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/acc5/8e3a864db60-fceb535cba8bf32f0cdd43984.pdf?_ga=2.192409257.2066860176.1595328675--1745969251.1586374520, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Wei, Arvanitis R. (2008) L’Inégal Développement Industriel de la Chine: Capacités d’Innovation et Coexistence de Différents Modes d’Apprentissage Technologique. Région et Développement, no 28, pp. 61–85. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/acc5/8e3a864db60-fceb535cba8bf32f0cdd43984.pdf?_ga=2.192409257.2066860176.1595328675--1745969251.1586374520, accessed 22.06.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
