centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-6-5centero-546Research ArticleРоссийский опытRussian ExperienceМотивы, предпочтения и барьеры на пути выхода за рубеж российских высокотехнологичных стартапов и малых инновационных предприятийMotivations, Preferences, and Barriers to Going Abroad: Russian High-tech Start-ups and Small Innovative Enterpriseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-9029СенюкН. Ю.SeniukN. U.

кандидат экономических наук, доцент 

110100, ул. Малая Ордынка, д. 17, Москва 

 PhD in Economics

101000, Malaya Ordynka St., 17, Moscow

nseniuk@hse.ruде ГрутЗакериDe GrootZachary

110100, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20, Москва

 

101000, Myasnitskaya St., 20, Moscow

zachary.degroot.17@ucl.ac.ukНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияAssistant Professor National Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation201930122019126Глобальная инфраструктура в эпоху цифровизации94129Copyright © Сенюк Н.Ю., де Грут З., 20192019Сенюк Н.Ю., де Грут З.Seniuk N.U., de Groot Z.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/546

Настоящая статья посвящена изучению мотивов, предпочтений и барьеров на пути выхода за рубеж российских высокотехнологичных стартапов и малых инновационных предприятий (МИП), принявших участие в Startup Village, проведенном в инновационном центре «Сколково» в мае 2019 г. Рассматривая создаваемый ими новый продукт, процесс или бизнес как капитальный товар или потенциальный актив для зарубежного инвестирования, для целей подробного изучения были проанализированы возможности как теоретико-модельного инструментария, так и эмпирические методы социологических исследований. Поскольку, в  силу ограниченности возможностей неоклассических теоретических подходов, корпоративная мотивация на микроуровне не поддается точному количественному описанию, был использован метод анкетирования и интервьюирования топ-менеджмента участвующих предприятий. Всего было опрошено около 100  участников, каждый из которых заявил о своем намерении заниматься внешнеэкономической деятельностью, причем половина из них уже имеет собственный опыт зарубежной деятельности. При этом 44 % намерены продать свой бизнес или права на инновационный продукт и только 12 % готовы к сотрудничеству в рамках совместного предприятия. На основе анализа полученных результатов были оценены корпоративные мотивы выхода за рубеж российских стартапов и МИП в традиционном формате поиска рынков (17,3 %), эффективности (20,0 %), ресурсов (40,0 %) и стратегических активов (22,7 %). Это существенным образом отличается от сделанных ЮНКТАД на рубеже 2005/2006 гг. усредненных оценок мотивации выходящих за рубеж компаний из развивающихся и переходных экономик – соответственно 51, 22, 13, 14 %. На их фоне российские инновационные предприятия выглядят значительно более ресурсо-ориентированными и сильнее заинтересованными в поиске стратегических активов, но менее заинтересованными в поиске эффективности и минимально – в поиске рынков. Их предпочтения значительно различаются – выбирают в качестве желательных партнеров страны СНГ (главным образом Беларусь и Казахстан) и БРИКС (прежде всего Китай), а также развитые экономики ЕС (с предпочтением Германии). Среди основных барьеров  – недостаток собственных финансов и прочих ресурсов, недостаточность государственной поддержки в выходе и продвижении российских компаний за рубежом. На основе полученных результатов сделаны адекватные рекомендации правительству РФ по усилению инвестиционной мотивации российских инновационных предприятий в  международной кооперации БРИКС, в форме совместных глобальных цепочек стоимости, на базе собственных объектов интеллектуальной собственности.

This article is devoted to studying the motives, preferences, and market entry barriers for Russian high-tech start-ups and small innovative enterprises (SIE) that took part in the “Startup Village” event held at Skolkovo Innovation Centre in May 2019. Due to limitations in neoclassical theories, corporate motivation at the micro-level cannot be accurately quantified. Thus, this work uses survey and interview methods to gather primary data directly from top representatives of participating enterprises. In total, about 100 participants were interviewed. Every respondent expressed intentions to engaged in for eign economic activity; half of them already have experience operating outside of Russia. Further, 44% intend to sell their business or intellectual property rights outright, with only 12% ready to cooperate in a join venture. Based on the analysis of the results, the corporate motives of Russian startups and SIEs going abroad is in seeking: new markets (17.3%), improved efficiency (20.0%), resources (40.0%), and strategic assets (22.7%). This is diverges significantly from the average estimates made by UNCTAD in 2005/2006, where they found motivation from foreign companies in developing and transition economies to be 51%/22%/13%/14%. Against this background, Russian innovative enterprises appear far more resource-oriented and more interested in finding strategic assets. However, they are notably less interested in acquiring new markets or efficiency gains. Additionally, the preferences in foreign partners by Russian enterprises exhi bit some variety. Many choose the CIS countries (mainly Belarus and Kazakhstan) and BRICS nations (primarily China) as desirable partners. Most also express interest in developed economies in the EU (namely Germany). Among the main barriers to establishing foreign relations is the lack of personal finances and other key resources, as well as a lack of state support in promoting Russian companies abroad. Based on the obtained results, impactful recommendations are offered to the government of the Russian Federation to strengthen the investment motivation of Russian innovative enterprises. Also, recommendations are given to advance the international cooperation of BRICS in the form of joint global value chains (GVCs) using their own innovative capability. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.