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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-6-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>США: новые реалии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>USA: new realities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Сланцевая революция» в США  как главный драйвер перестройки мирового рынка нефти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Shale Revolution” in the United States as the Main Driver of the World Oil Market Transformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-3407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник Центра энергетических исследований </p><p>117997, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Center for Energy Research</p><p>117997, Profsoyuznaya St., 23, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zolina@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-2670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копытин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopytin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра энергетических исследований </p><p>117997, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Senior Researcher, Center for Energy Research</p><p>117997, Profsoyuznaya St., 23, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kopytin@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резникова</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznikova</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра энергетических исследований</p><p>117997, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23, Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Senior Researcher, Center for Energy Research</p><p>117997, Profsoyuznaya St., 23, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>Глобальная инфраструктура в эпоху цифровизации</issue-title><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Золина С.А., Копытин И.А., Резникова О.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Золина С.А., Копытин И.А., Резникова О.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolina S.A., Kopytin I.A., Reznikova O.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/545">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><p>США в 2018 г. по объему нефтедобычи вышли на первое место в мире, оттеснив Саудовскую Аравию и Россию на вторую и третью позиции. В фокусе настоящей статьи – анализ механизмов влияния «революции сланцевой нефти» в США на функционирование мирового рынка нефти. Авторы показывают, что трансляция этого влияния осуществляется по двум основным каналам: торговому и ценовому. После снятия запрета на экспорт сырой нефти в декабре 2015 г. США быстро увеличили поставки сырой нефти на мировой рынок, их удельный вес в мировом нефтяном экспорте достиг в 2018 г. 4,4 % и продолжает возрастать. Доля США в  мировом экспорте нефтепродуктов, на которые американский нефтяной сектор делает главную ставку, достигла 18 %. Параллельно росту собственной нефтедобычи США существенно снизили импорт сырой нефти, что заставило многих нефтеэкспортеров переключиться с американского на другие рынки сбыта. В силу высокой эластичности добычи нефти сланцевых формаций к росту цены американская нефть играет роль ограничителя для мировой цены нефти сверху. При том, что добыча нефти в США продолжит, согласно большинству авторитетных прогнозов, возрастать как минимум до 2025 г., с  2017  г. стала заметна тенденция к расширению экспансии в американский сектор неконвенциональных углеводородов супермейджоров, что еще больше усилит позиции США на мировом рынке нефти и ускорит его перестройку.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2018 the United States surpassed Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the largest world oil producer. The article focuses on the mechanisms through which the American shale revolution increasingly impacts functioning of the world oil market. The authors show that this impact is translated to the world oil market mainly through the trade and price channels. Lifting the ban on crude oil exports in December 2015 allowed the United States to increase rapidly supply of crude oil to the world oil market, the country’s share in the world crude oil exports reached 4,4% in 2018 and continues to rise. The U.S. share in the world petroleum products exports, on which the American oil sector places the main stake, reached 18%. In parallel with increasing oil production the U.S. considerably shrank crude oil import that forced many oil exporters to reorient to other markets. Due to high elasticity of tight oil production to the oil price increases oil from the U.S. has started to constrain the world oil price from above. According to the majority of authoritative forecasts, oil production in the U.S. will continue to increase at least until 2025. Since 2017 the tendency to the increasing expansion of supermajors into American unconventional oil sector has become noticeable, what will contribute to further strengthening of the U.S. position in the world oil market and accelerate its restructuring. </p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«сланцевая революция»</kwd><kwd>трудноизвлекаемая нефть</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>мировой рынок нефти</kwd><kwd>сырая нефть</kwd><kwd>нефтепродукты</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>супермейджоры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shale revolution</kwd><kwd>tight oil</kwd><kwd>U.S.</kwd><kwd>world oil market</kwd><kwd>crude oil</kwd><kwd>petroleum products</kwd><kwd>exports</kwd><kwd>supermajors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков С.В., Золина С.А. 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