<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-5-177-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-533</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В рамках дискуссии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Under Discussion</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение климата в Арктике:  адаптация в ответ на новые вызовы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сlimate Change in the Arctic: Adaptation  to New Challenges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, заведующая сектором глобальных экономических проблем</p><p>117997, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Head of the Section for Global Economic Problems </p><p>117997, Profsoyuznaya St., 23, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenanikitina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Арктика в XXI столетии</issue-title><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитина Е.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/533">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/533</self-uri><abstract><p>Глобальное изменение климата происходит в Арктике вдвое быстрее, чем в других регионах планеты, а его последствия приводят к изменениям в уязвимых экосистемах, оказывают воздействие на здоровье, уровень жизни и благосостояние северян, на сектора экономики, инфраструктуру северных регионов восьми арктических стран. Влияние изменения климата на общество рассматривается в совокупности с последствиями арктических трансформаций в социально-экономических и институциональных системах; их кумулятивный эффект связан с вызовами устойчивому развитию полярных регионов на перспективу, возможными рисками и выгодами и предполагает ответные действия для приспособления к настоящим и будущим изменениям. Адаптация и снижение уязвимости общества перед новыми вызовами, вместе с сохранением глобального климата за счет снижения выбросов и перехода на низкоуглеродное развитие, становится важным компонентом климатической политики арктических стран. Представлены результаты инновационного анализа основных тенденций и особенностей формирования системы адаптационного управления в Арктике, находящейся на начальном этапе развития. Она основана на полицентричном дизайне, а именно, на координации ответных действий на различных уровнях и заинтересованных стейкхолдеров, на учете местных природных и социально-экономических особенностей, комплексности и гибкости подходов и применяемых механизмов и инструментов управления вызовами от трансформаций арктических систем. Исследована зарубежная практика, тенденции и инновации адаптационной политики и мер в североамериканских (Канада) и западноевропейских (Норвегия) арктических регионах. Анализ фокусируется на их подходах и приоритетах, стратегическом планировании, институциональных структурах, применении экономических инструментов, структурных мер для снижения рисков и ущерба, предоставлении климатических услуг. Обсуждаются их результаты, в т.ч. при стихийных бедствиях, возможности регионального обмена наилучшими практиками, анализируются барьеры для адаптационного управления. Оценивается роль Парижского соглашения по климату в формировании и структурировании политики и мер адаптации северных регионов арктических стран.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Global climate change in the Arctic has been unfolding more rapidly than in other parts of the world, and its impacts affect vulnerable northern ecosystems, health and well-being of the Northerners, economic sectors and infrastructure in the polar regions of the eight Arctic states. Consequences of climate change for human society are analysed in synergy with ongoing transformations in social, economic and institutional systems in the Arctic region. Their cumulative effect exposes a variety of challenges for sustainable development of the northern communities, regions and countries; it reveals a number of uncertainties in the future pathways within the transformative context, as well as a combination of risks and opportunities for societies; it requires human responses and adaptations to consequences of the Arctic change. Adaptation to climate change in combination with greenhouse gases emission reduction turns into an important component of climate policies and measures of the Arctic states. This article presents innovative results of analysis of the major trends and features in formation of adaptive governance in the Arctic. It emerges to be based on a polycentric design, and particularly, on coordination of response actions at various levels, on interactions and networks of a variety of the Arctic stakeholders, on taking into account local environmental and socio-economic contexts, on combination of multidisciplinary approaches and packaging of governance mechanisms and instruments. The study analyses the major developments and innovations in adaptation approaches, policies, and practices of the Arctic regions in N. America (Canada) and Europe (Norway). Its foci is on assessment of priorities, strategies and planning, institutions, economic instruments, climate services, application of structural measures for disaster risk reduction. It explores possibilities of regional exchange of best practices in the Arctic, and core barriers for success in implementation of adaptation policy options. The role of the Paris agreement in formation and structuring of adaptation policies and measure of the northern regions of the Arctic states is analysed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>адаптация к последствиям изменения климата</kwd><kwd>адаптационное управление</kwd><kwd>институциональная координация</kwd><kwd>климатическая политика и меры</kwd><kwd>климатические услуги</kwd><kwd>партнерства стейкхолдеров</kwd><kwd>Парижское соглашение по климату</kwd><kwd>снижение рисков природных бедствий</kwd><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Arctic</kwd><kwd>adaptation to climate change</kwd><kwd>adaptive governance</kwd><kwd>institutional coordination</kwd><kwd>climate policy and measures</kwd><kwd>climate services</kwd><kwd>partnerships of stakeholders</kwd><kwd>Paris agreement</kwd><kwd>disaster risk reduction</kwd><kwd>sustainable development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в ИМЭМО РАН в рамках международного исследовательского проекта «Blue-Action: Arctic Impact on Weather and Climate» по Программе исследований и инноваций «Горизонт-2020» Европейского союза, соглашение № 727852.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Второй оценочный доклад Росгидромета об изменениях климата и их последствиях на территории Российской Федерации (2014) // Росгидромет // https://cc.voeikovmgo.ru/ru/publikats п/2016-03-21-16-23-52, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Barents Area (2017). Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo. Available at: https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/ Adaptation-Actions-for-a-Changing- Arctic-Perspectives-from-the-Barents- Area/1604, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов А., Никитина Е., Баронина Ю. (2019) Меняющаяся Арктика: видение перспектив устойчивого развития северных регионов // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. Т. 63. № 9. С. 112-127. 001: 10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-9-112-117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Bering- Chukchi-Beaufort Region (2017). Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo. Available at: https://www.amap.no/ documents/doc/adaptation-actions-for- a-changing-arctic-perspectives-from-the- bering-chukchi-beaufort-region/1615, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаженцев В.Н. (2016) Общественный характер концепций развития экономики северных и арктических районов России // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. № 4(46). С. 43-56. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2016.4.46.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adger W, Arnell N., Tompkins E. (2005) Successful Adaptation to Climate Change across Scales. Global Environmental Change, vol. 15, no 2, pp. 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лексин В.Н., Порфирьев Б.Н. (2017) Специфика трансформации пространственной системы и стратегии переосвоения Российской Арктики в условиях изменения климата // Экономика региона. Т. 13. № 3. С. 641-657. DOI: 10.17059/2017-3-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bengston J., Nikitina E. (2017) Impacts and Consequences for Northern Communities and Society. Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, pp. 125-152. Available at: https://www.amap.no/documents/down- load/2993/inline, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина Е.Н. (2013) Меняющаяся Арктика: Адаптация к изменению климата. Международная инициатива Арктического совета // Арктические ведомости. № 1(5). С. 46-53 https://issuu. com/arctic-herald/docs/__5, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birkmann J., von Teichman K. (2010) Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Key Challenges - Scales, Knowledge and Norms. Sustainability Science, no 5, pp. 171-184. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-010-0108-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина Е.Н. (2018) Арктические трансформации: ТНК перед новыми вызовами устойчивого развития // Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право. Т. 11. № 1. С. 65-87. DOI: 10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-1-65-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canada’s Seventh National Communication on Climate Change and 3rd Biennial Report - Actions to Meet Commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changy (2017), Gatineua.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порфирьев Б.Н., Воронина С.А., Семикашев В.В., Терентьев Н.Е. (2017) Последствия изменения климата для экономического роста и развития отдельных секторов экономики российской Арктики // Арктика: экология и экономика. № 4(28). С. 4-17. DOI: 10.25283/2223-4594-2017-4-4-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Climate Change-2014. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects (Polar Regions) (2014). IPCC, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/as- sets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Front- MatterB_FINAL.pdf, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Татаркин А.И., Захарчук Е.А., Логинов В.Г. (2015) Современная парадигма освоения и развития Арктической зоны Российской Федерации // Арктика: экология и экономика. № 2(18). С. 4-13 // http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/docs/ 2(18)/004_013_Arktica_2( 18)_06_2015. pdf, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corell R.W., Kim J.D., Kim Y.H., Moe A., VabderZwaag D., Young O. (eds.) (2018) The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic 2030 and Beyond. Available at: https://scholarspace. manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/63330, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Barents Area (2017) // Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo // https://www. amap.no/documents/doc/Adaptation-Ac- tions-for-a-Changing-Arctic-Perspectives-from-the-BarentsArea/1604, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov A., Nikitina E., Baronina Yu. (2019) The Changing Arctic: Vision of Prospects for Sustainable De¬velopment of Northern Regions. World Economy and International Relations, vol. 63, no 9, pp. 112-127 (in Russian). DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-9-112-117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region (2017) // Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo // https://www.amap.no/documents/ doc/adaptation-actions-for-a-chang- ing-arctic-perspectives-from-the-ber- ing-chukchi-beaufort-region/1615, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazhentsev V.N. (2016) Public Nature of the Concepts for Economic Development in the Northern and Arctic Regions of Russia. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, no 4(46), pp. 43-56 (in Russian). DOI: 10.15838/esc.2016.4.46.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adger W, Arnell N., Tompkins E. (2005) Successful Adaptation to Climate Change across Scales // Global Environmental Change, vol. 15, no 2, pp. 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leksin V.N., Porfiryev B.N. (2017) Specificities of Spatial System Transformation and Strategies of the Russian Arctic Redevelopment under the Conditions of Climate Changes. Economy of Region, vol. 13, no 3, pp. 641-657 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17059/2017-3-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bengston J., Nikitina E. (2017) Impacts and Consequences for Northern Communities and Society // Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic. Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, pp. 125-152 // https://www.amap. no/documents/download/2993/inline, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina E.N. (2013) The Changing Arctic: Adaptation to Climate Change. The Arctic Herald, no 1(5), pp. 46-53. Avail-able at: https://issuu.com/arctic-herald/ docs/ __5, accessed 12.12.2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birkmann J., von Teichman K. (2010) Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Key Challenges - Scales, Knowledge and Norms // Sustainability Science, no 5, pp. 171-184. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-010-0108-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina E.N. (2018) Arctic Transformations: Multinational Companies Facing the New Challenges of Sus-tainable Development. Outlines of Glob¬al Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law, vol. 11, no 1, pp. 65-87 (in Russian). DOI: 10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-1-65-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canada’s Seventh National Communication on Climate Change and 3rd Biennial Report - Actions to Meet Commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changy (2017), Gatineua.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrom E. (2007) A Diagnostic Approach for Going beyond Panaceas. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, no 104, pp. 15181-15187. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702288104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Climate Change-2014. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects (Polar Regions) (2014) // IPCC, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press // https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/up- loads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-FrontMatterB_ FINAL.pdf, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pahl-Wostl C., Lebel L., Knieper C., Ni¬kitina E. (2012) From Applying Panaceas to Mastering Complexity: Toward Adaptive Water Governance in River Basins. Envi¬ronmental Science and Policy, no 23, pp. 24¬34. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.07.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corell R.W., Kim J.D., Kim Y.H., Moe A., VabderZwaag D., Young O. (eds.) (2018) The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic 2030 and Beyond // https://scholarspace.manoa. hawaii.edu/handle/10125/63330, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porfiriev B.N., Voronina S.A., Semika- shev V.V., Terentev N.E. (2017) Climate Change Impact on Economic Growth and Specific Sectors' Development in the Russian Arctic. Arctic: Ecology and Economy, no 4(28), pp. 4-17 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25283/2223-4594-2017-4-4-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostrom E. (2007) A Diagnostic Approach for Going beyond Pana¬ceas // Proceedings of National Acade¬my of Sciences, no 104, pp. 15181-15187. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702288104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Second Roshydroment Assessment Report on Climate Change and Its Consequences in Russian Federation (2014). Roshydromet. Available at: https://cc.voeikovmgo. ru/ru/publikatsii/2016-03-21-16-23-52, accessed 12.12.2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pahl-Wostl C., Lebel L., Knieper C., Nikitina E. (2012) From Applying Panaceas to Mastering Complexity: Toward Adaptive Water Governance in River Ba¬sins // Environmental Science and Policy, no 23, pp. 24-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.envs- ci.2012.07.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarkin A.I., Zakharchyk E.A., Loginov V.G. (2015) Modern Paradigm of Exploration and Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. Arctic: Ecology and Economy, no 2(18), pp. 4-13. Available at: http:// www.ibrae.ac.ru/docs/2(18)/004_013_ Arktica_2( 18)_06_2015.pdf, accessed 12.12.2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tennberg M., Vuojala-Magga T., Vola J., Sinevaara-Niskanen H., Turunen M. (2017) Negotiating Risk and Responsibility: Political Economy of Extreme Events in Northern Finland // Global Warming and the Human-Nature Dimension in Northern Eurasia (eds. Hiyama T., Takakura H.), Springer, pp. 207-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tennberg M., Vuojala-Magga T., Vola J., Sinevaara-Niskanen H., Turunen M. (2017) Negotiating Risk and Responsibility: Political Economy of Extreme Events in Northern Finland. Global Warming and the Human-Nature Dimension in Northern Eurasia (eds. Hiyama T., Takakura H.), Springer, pp. 207-221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Global Risks Report-2019, 14th Edition (2019) // World Economic Forum, Geneva // http://www3.weforum.org/ docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2019. pdf, дата обращения 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Global Risks Report-2019, 14th Edition (2019). World Economic Forum, Geneva. Available at: http://www3.wefo- rum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Re- port_2019.pdf, accessed 12.12.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young O.R. (2017) Governing Com¬plex Systems. Social Capital for the An- thropocene, London: The MIT Press Cam¬bridge, Massachusetts.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young O.R. (2017) Governing Complex Systems. Social Capital for the Anthropocene, London: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
