centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-3-47-76centero-489Research ArticleВ рамках дискуссииUnder DiscussionИсточники легитимности в глобальном управленииSources of Legitimacy in Global Governancehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-588XСхолтеЯ. А.ScholteJ. A.

доктор философии                                                                           Брайтон BN1 9RH, Великобритания;профессор, Peace and Development, School of Global Studies                 Box 700, 405 30 Гётеборг, Швеция;содиректор, Centre for Global Cooperation Research                 Schifferstraße 44, 47059 Дуйсбург, Германия

DPhil; Professor of Peace and Development, School of Global Studies; Co-Director 

Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom

Box 700, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

Schifferstraße 44, 47059 Duisburg, Germany

jan.scholte@globalstudies.gu.seUniversity of Sussex, University of Gothenburg, University of Duisburg-EssenВеликобританияUniversity of Sussex, University of Gothenburg, Centre for Global Cooperation Research University of Duisburg-EssenUnited Kingdom201922112019123На пути к новому миропорядку4776Copyright © Схолте Я.А., 20192019Схолте Я.А.Scholte J.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/489

В статье исследуется, как в поисках нового глобального порядка глобальное управление может приобрести большую социологическую легитимность. Каковы источники легитимности глобального управления? Иными словами, какие условия порождают доверие и уверенность в авторитетах мирового масштаба? Для изучения этого вопроса в статье сначала рассматривается общая концепция легитимности применительно к глобальному регулированию. После этого в рамках обсуждения по трем основным направлениям рассматривается широкий круг возможных движущих сил легитимности глобального управления. Во-первых, некоторые из этих источников носят институциональный характер и связаны с особенностями глобальных регулирующих организаций, такими как их процедурные вклады и результаты их деятельности. Во-вторых, другие источники легитимности являются индивидуальными, связанными с характеристиками субъектов глобального управления, такими как их ориентация на идентичность и уровень социального доверия. В-третьих, дополнительные источники легитимности в глобальном управлении – социальные, связанные с общими упорядочивающими моделями мировой политики, такими как господствующие нормы, капитализм и гегемонистское государство. Статья завершается призывом к исследователям отказаться от прежних привычек рассматривать институциональные, индивидуальные и социальные источники легитимности отдельно и изолированно друг от друга. Вместо этого легитимность глобального управления может быть более полно понята и более эффективно воплощена на практике, если рассматривать эти разнородные силы вместе и с точки зрения их взаимного устройства.

This article explores how, in the quest for new global order, global governance might acquire greater sociological legitimacy. What are the sources of legitimacy in global governance? In other words, what conditions generate confidence and trust in global-scale authorities? To explore this question, the article first elaborates on the general concept of legitimacy as it relates to global regulation. Thereafter the discussion considers, under three main headings, a broad range of possible drivers of legitimacy beliefs vis-à-vis global governance. First, some of these sources are institutional, relating to features of the global regulatory organisations, such as their procedural inputs and their performance outputs. Second, other sources of legitimacy are individual, relating to the characteristics of the subjects of global governance, such as their identity orientations and their levels of social trust. Third, further sources of legitimacy in global governance are societal, relating to the general ordering patterns of world politics, such as prevailing norms, capitalism, and a hegemonic state. The article concludes by urging that researchers break from past habits of treating institutional, individual and societal sources of legitimacy separately and in isolation from each other. Instead, legitimacy in global governance can be more fully understood – and more effectively promoted in practice – if one examines these various forces together, and in terms of their mutual constitution.

легитимностьглобальное управлениеглобальная политикаинститутыиндивидуумысоциальная структурасложностьмеждународная организацияlegitimacyglobal governanceglobal policyinstitutionsindividualssocial structurescomplexityinternational organisationИдеи в этой статье развились во многом благодаря моему участию с 2016 года в программе «Легитимность в глобальном управлении» (LegGov) при щедром финансировании со стороны Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (Грант M15-0048:1). Аргументы, представленные здесь, основаны на (хотя в некотором отношении и выходят за пределы) более ранней коллективной работе LegGov, особенно Jonas Tallberg, Karin Bäckstrand and Jan Aart Scholte (eds), Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.