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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-2-138-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В национальном разрезе</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL PECULIARITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диверсификация ради отказа от российского газа: пример Польши</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diversifying away from Russian Gas: The Сase of Poland</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-1215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вейнер</surname><given-names>Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Weiner</surname><given-names>Csaba</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чаба Вейнер - кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Центр экономических и региональных исследований.</p><p>1097, ул. Кальман Тот, 4, Будапешт, Венгрия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Csaba Weiner - PhD in Economics, Senior Researcher, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.</p><p>Tóth Kálmán u. 4, H-1097, Budapest, Hungary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">weiner.csaba@krtk.mta.hu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики Венгерской академии наук</institution><country>Венгрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Hungary</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Интеграция в Европе и на евразийском пространстве</issue-title><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вейнер Ч., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вейнер Ч.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Weiner C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/443">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract><p>Коммерческие и геополитические реалии побуждают страны Центральной и Восточной Европы (ЦВЕ) снижать зависимость от российского импорта газа и повышать безопасность поставок. Хотя в целом эти страны сильно зависят от российского газа, у них разные условия, разные подходы к этой зависимости и безопасности поставок, и поэтому они дают разные ответы на вопросы энергетической политики. Диверсификация является способом снижения зависимости и повышения безопасности поставок. Существует много видов диверсификации. Чтобы понять эту сложность и оценить страны ЦВЕ, мы разработали схему различных вариантов диверсификации импорта российского газа в ЦВЕ. В этой статье мы анализируем эти варианты и достижения для одной конкретной страны, Польши, которая стремится к такому уровню диверсификации, который позволил бы прекратить импорт российского газа. Мы видим, что после российско-украинского газового кризиса в январе 2009 года Польша предприняла конкретные действия и наконец добилась огромного прогресса в диверсификации источников импорта газа. Новые трубопроводы и мощности по сжиженному природному газу могут позволить Польше достичь своей цели, хотя в существующем портфеле соглашений об импорте по-прежнему отсутствует контракт на поставку норвежского газа, который будет поставляться по еще не построенной датско-польской «Балтийской трубе». Без норвежских поставок могли бы потребоваться поставки, по крайней мере, в небольшом объеме газа с российским происхождением. Напротив, отечественная добыча газа, как представляется, не обеспечивает основы для диверсификации. Хотя энергоэффективность и энергосбережение являются значительными возможностями, сокращение общего потребления газа также невозможно, главным образом из-за отказа от угля. С этой точки зрения секторальная диверсификация имеет ограниченную реальную значимость, поскольку она может лишь ограничить дальнейший рост спроса на газ. С прекращением крупных долгосрочных поставок российского газа диверсификация транзита также будет иметь меньшее значение. Тем не менее еще предстоит выяснить, действительно ли прекращение российских (долгосрочных) поставок газа послужит обеспечению безопасности поставок, поскольку сама по себе диверсификация не обязательно ведет к достижению этой цели.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Commercial and geopolitical realities drive Central and East European (CEE) countries to reduce dependence on Russian gas imports and enhance security of supply. While, in general, these countries are heavily dependent on Russian gas, they have different conditions, varying approaches towards dependence and security of supply, and thus give differing energy policy answers. Diversification is a means of reducing dependence and enhancing security of supply. There are many types of diversification. To understand this complexity and assess CEE countries, we have developed a scheme of different CEE diversification options for Russian gas imports. In this article, we analyse these options and achievements for one specific country, Poland, which seeks a level of diversification that would enable ending Russian gas imports. We find that since the January 2009 Russian–Ukrainian gas crisis, Poland has taken concrete action, and it has finally made huge progress in gas import source diversification. New pipeline and liquefied natural gas capacities could allow Poland to reach its goal, though the existing import portfolio still lacks a supply contract for Norwegian gas imports to be supplied through the yet-to-be-built Danish–Polish Baltic Pipe. Without these amounts, Russian supplies could be necessary, or at least Russian molecule supplies. In contrast, domestic gas production does not seem to provide a grounding for diversification. Albeit energy efficiency and conservation are significant opportunities, reducing total gas consumption is also not possible, mainly due to the movement away from coal. From this point of view, sectoral diversification has limited real relevance, as it can only limit further gas demand growth. With the termination of large-quantity long-term Russian gas supplies, transit diversification will also bear less importance. Nevertheless, it remains to be seen whether the termination of Russian (long-term) gas supplies will actually serve security of supply, as diversification alone does not inevitably lead to achieving this goal.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Польша</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Центральная и Восточная Европа</kwd><kwd>природный газ</kwd><kwd>безопасность поставок газа</kwd><kwd>диверсификация поставок газа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Poland</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Central and Eastern Europe</kwd><kwd>natural gas</kwd><kwd>security of gas supply</kwd><kwd>gas diversification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Эта статья была поддержана исследовательской стипендией имени Яноша Бойяи Венгерской академии наук. 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