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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-6-81-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Азия: вызовы и перспективы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Asia: Challenges and Perspectives</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ядерные силы и ядерная стратегия Китайской Народной Республики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Strategy of the People’s Republic of China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Константин Вадимович - кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник.</p><p>117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Bogdanov - PhD in Engineering, Researcher.</p><p>23, Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cbogdanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>Клуб ядерных держав в XXI столетии</issue-title><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов К.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/373">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><p>Китайская ядерная стратегия  по-прежнему остается закрытой  областью, а реальный  состав ядерных  вооружений КНР  никогда  не публиковался официально. Китайская ядерная политика в доктринальной плоскости декларирует применение ядерного оружия (ЯО) только в ответ на ядерное нападение на КНР.</p><p>Несмотря на заявления официальных лиц  в Пекине, следует признать,  что Китай  на сегодняшний  день является третьей ядерной державой планеты  – если не по количеству оперативно развернутых  ядерных  боезарядов, то  по качественному составу самостоятельно разработанных  и поставленных  на боевое дежурство средств их  доставки. При этом Китай  – единственный из постоянных  членов СБ ООН, который в момент и сразу после распада биполярной системы вел активное совершенствование  своих ядерных вооружений, наращивая их численно.</p><p>Развитие китайских  ядерных сил длительное время отставало  от темпов, задаваемых  гонкой  вооружений СССР и США. Но в условиях  глубоких сокращений  ядерных арсеналов сверхдержав с 1990-х годов Китай  сумел провести коренную технологическую  модернизацию своих ядерных сил, полностью поменяв их облик. Широкое развертывание мобильных ракетных комплексов средней и межконтинентальной дальности с твердотопливными ракетами создает новое качество стратегических сил КНР. По ряду оценок, речь может идти о постановке отдаленной задачи по достижению паритета в стратегических вооружениях (ядерных и неядерных) с Россией и США.</p><p>При этом Китай практически  не связан международными режимами по контролю над вооружениями, если не считать Договора о нераспространении ядерного оружия. Сочетание интенсивной модернизации ядерных сил с отсутствием обязательств по ограничению и сокращению стратегических вооружений ставит насущный вопрос о вовлечении Пекина в международные контрольные режимы. Рационально выглядела бы проработка  пилотного  трехстороннего формата взаимодействия Китая, России и США в локальном вопросе об ограничении высокоточных систем гиперзвукового ракетного оружия (в том числе ракетно-планирующих систем).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The focus of the Chinese nuclear strategy is still unclear and the actual size of nuclear arsenals of the PRC has never been published officially. According to the official Chinese nuclear policy, the PRC can use nuclear weapons only as means of “effective retaliation“ in the credible second strike. Despite the official Chinese stance, we have to recognize that the PRC now is the third nuclear power in  the world. That follows from the pragmatic assessment of the size of its nuclear arsenals and the variety of nuclear weapons, which China managed to design and deploy. Note that China is the only permanent member of the U.N. Security Council which has been actively improving and expanding its nuclear arsenals after the demise of the bipolar world.</p><p>For many years the development of the Chinese nuclear forces had lagged behind the pace of the arms race set by the U.S. and U.S.S.R. The things had changed since the 1990s. Against the background of the superpowers’  deep cuts of nuclear weapons the PRC managed the radical modernization of its nuclear forces, and their shape has changed drastically. A full-scale deployment of the improved mobile solid-propellant IRBM,  SLBM and  ICBM  raises the Chinese nuclear forces to a new level. According to some assessments, China may work to achieve strategic parity with the U.S. and Russia.</p><p>At the same time, the PRC is almost not bound  by obligations of the international  arms  control  regimes,  apart  of  the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Intense modernization of the strategic nuclear forces and lack of obligations are raising an issue of China’s involvement in international arms control regimes. It seems reasonable to conduct the pilot trilateral negotiations (China,  Russia, and  U.S.) on precision-guided hypersonic weapons, boost-glide in particular.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>ядерная стратегия</kwd><kwd>стратегические ядерные силы</kwd><kwd>тактическое ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>многосторонние переговоры по разоружению</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>nuclear  strategy</kwd><kwd>strategic nuclear  forces</kwd><kwd>tactical nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>multilateral disarmament negotiations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арбатов А.А. 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