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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-150-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-345</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Азия: вызовы и перспективы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Asia: Challenges and Perspectives</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Ориентальные» Церкви Леванта и Месопотамии в условиях продолжающейся социальной фрагментации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Oriental” Churches of Levant and Mesopotamia in Continuing Social Fragmentation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>САРАБЬЕВ</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>SARABIEV</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра арабских и исламских исследований Института востоковедения РАН.</p><p>Адрес: 107031, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Leading Researcher of the Centre of Arabic and Islamic Studies.</p><p>Address: 12, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alsaraby@ivran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre of Arabic and Islamic Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Роль религии в современном мире</issue-title><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; САРАБЬЕВ А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">САРАБЬЕВ А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">SARABIEV A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/345">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/345</self-uri><abstract><p>В нынешних условиях показательным является положение так называемых ориентальных церквей Ближнего Востока, которые объединяет сходство богослужебного языка, языка святоотеческого и исторического наследия – сирийского, а также общие черты «восточного» («ориентального») церковного обряда. Дохалкидонское исповедание веры этих христиан и их особый обряд, восточные религиознокультурные формы даже у католических униатских общин придали им своеобразие, сохраняющееся по сей день. Судьба этих древних автохтонных христианских общин складывалась не только в условиях иноверного окружения, но и в изоляции, а то и конфронтации с основными ветвями христианства. В настоящее время иерархи этих церквей принимают участие в деятельности мировых надцерковных структур, прежде всего Всемирного совета церквей. Характерной чертой этих общин стали сравнительно благополучные диаспоральные сообщества, которые намного превышают число единоверцев на исторической родине, а поэтому важной частью служения их церковной иерархии стали многообразные контакты с зарубежными епархиями. При этом на фоне подъема национальных чаяний курдов – их соседей по территориям исторического расселения – нередко используется и национальный аргумент, отсылающий к арамейскому или ассирийскому происхождению. Уязвимость положения паствы этих древних, но немногочисленных общин на Ближнем Востоке заставляет их искать материальную, а порой и политическую поддержку за рубежом. Россия пока использует только ресурс межцерковных отношений, показавший некогда свою несостоятельность, а между тем развитие культурных связей с этими общинами на их родине, финансовая подпитка различных проектов на светской основе вкупе с необходимой гуманитарной помощью могли бы также содействовать укреплению имиджа нашей страны на Ближнем Востоке. Реализация культурных, научных и образовательных инициатив по поддержке «ориентальных» общин могла бы стать еще одним направлением плодотворного участия России в судьбе региона, стать на пути наблюдаемой фрагментации ближневосточных обществ, способствовать улучшению положения названных общин и нормализации межконфессиональных отношений в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the present difficult circumstances in the Middle East, the position of the so-called Oriental Churches, which is united by the similarity of the liturgical language, the language of the patristic and historical heritage – Syriac, is indicative. The pre-Chalcedon faith confession of these Christians and their special Eastern church rites, despite the separation of the Uniate Catholic communities, gave them an identity that persists to this day. The fate of these ancient autochthonous Christian communities was formed not only in conditions of an alien and heterodox environment, but also in isolation, and even confrontation with the main branches of Christianity. Now, serious efforts are being made by them in the mainstream of the activities of world supra-church structures, primarily the World Council of Churches. A characteristic feature of these communities are relatively prosperous diasporal communities, which far exceed the number of co-religionists in their historical homeland, and therefore, an important part of the ministry of their church hierarchy has become diverse contacts with foreign dioceses. Moreover, against the backdrop of the rise of the national aspirations of the Kurds – their neighbors in the territories of historical settlement – the national argument often referring to the Aramaic or Assyrian origin is often used. The vulnerable position of the flock of these ancient but few communities in the Middle East forces them to seek material, and sometimes even political, support abroad. Russia is still using the resource of only inter-church relations, which once showed its inadequacy, but at the same time the development of cultural ties with these communities in their homeland, the financial recharge of these projects on a secular basis could also contribute to strengthening our country’s image in the Middle East. The implementation of cultural, scientific and educational initiatives to support “Oriental” communities could become additional direction for Russia’s fruitful participation in the fate of the region, could prevent fragmentation of the Middle Eastern societies, to improve the situation of these communities and to normalize interfaith relations in general.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>древние восточные церкви</kwd><kwd>социальная фрагментация</kwd><kwd>конфессионализм</kwd><kwd>национализм</kwd><kwd>яковиты</kwd><kwd>несториане</kwd><kwd>халдеи</kwd><kwd>ассирийцы</kwd><kwd>сирийский язык</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>Oriental Churches</kwd><kwd>Oriental rite</kwd><kwd>social fragmentation</kwd><kwd>confessionalism</kwd><kwd>nationalism</kwd><kwd>Jacobites</kwd><kwd>Nestorians</kwd><kwd>Chaldeans</kwd><kwd>Assyrians</kwd><kwd>uniantes</kwd><kwd>Syriac</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Булеков А. 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