<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-100-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>С точки зрения экономики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>From the Point of Economics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль США в мировой промышленности и торговле как глобальная проблема</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The US Role in the World Manufacturing and Trade as a Global Issue</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ВАРНАВСКИЙ</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>VARNAVSKIY</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий сектором проблем структурной политики и конкурентоспособности</p><p>Адрес: 117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSC in Economics, Professor, Head of Section for Structural Policy and Competitiveness</p><p>Address: 23, Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varnavsky@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и  международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>США в XXI веке: проблемы и вызовы</issue-title><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ВАРНАВСКИЙ В.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ВАРНАВСКИЙ В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">VARNAVSKIY V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/331">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается изменение места и роли США в мировой экономике и торговле в  посткризисный период. Исследованы ключевые аспекты структурной трансформации в  мировой экономике в условиях глобализации, интернационализации и либерализации.  Проанализирована динамика показателей развития экономических лидеров – США и Китая.  Показано, что при оценке валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП) по паритету покупательной  способности валют (ППС) США переместились на второе место в мире с долей в размере  15,4% (2016 г.). На Китай приходится 17,8% мирового ВВП (1 место). Доля США в мировом ВВП за 10 лет с 2006 по 2016 г. снизилась на 3,8 процентных пункта. Вместе с тем  Соединенные Штаты обладают самой значительной в мире экономической мощью и  выступают мировым лидером в области научно-технического прогресса. Успехи Китая  наблюдаются, в основном, в инновациях относительно низкого уровня. Выделены  высокотехнологичные сегменты промышленности, в которых США занимают лидирующие  позиции: аэрокосмическая отрасль, приборостроение, облачные вычисления, ИКТ,  робототехника, наноматериалы, биофармацевтика и др., в которых Китай значительно  отстает. Особое внимание уделено внешней торговле. Показано, что США – один из крупнейших в мире участников внешнеторговой деятельности. В 2016 году их доля в  мировом экспорте товаров и услуг составляла 10,5% (второе место после Китая), а в  мировом импорте – 13,3% (первое место). Несмотря на то что Китай опережает США по  некоторым макроэкономическим показателям, таким как ВВП (по ППС), объем производства  продукции обрабатывающей промышленности и внешней торговли товарами, США занимают  первое место в мире по качественным показателям экономического роста.  Основной вывод заключается в том, что потеря мирового лидерства США по некоторым объемным макроэкономическим показателям пока не стала глобальной проблемой для  человечества. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the USA role and place in the global  manufacturing and trade. Key aspects of the world economy  transformation in the context of globalization, internationalization  and liberalization are studied. As shows, USA and China are the two  largest economies in the world. United States is the world’s largest  economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power  parity (PPP). It holds a 15.4 percent share of global GDP in PPP  (2016). China is the world’s largest economy by PPP, accounting for  17.8 percent of global GDP. The USA share of world GDP declined by  a total of 3.8 percentage points between 2006 and 2016. At the  same time, the United States possesses great economic strength. It  is also the world leader in innovation. China’s success has mostly  been in lowerend innovation. This country has been less successful in  higher-end innovation, where USA currently maintain a lead. The  United States holds a leading position in aerospace, instrument  making, cloud computing, ICT, robotics-related technologies, nanomaterials, biopharmaceutical and other high-tech  industries and China significantly lags behind. Special attention is paid to the U.S. foreign trade. It is shown that the USA is one of  the world’s largest importer and exporter of goods and services. It  accounts for 10.5 percent of global goods and services exports in  2016 (second place after China) and 13.3 percent of global imports  (first place). Despite the world’s second place after China in some economic indexes such as gross domestic product (at PPP),   size of manufacturingand merchandise trade, USA ranks first in the  world in terms of quality indicators of economic development. It  remains the most powerful economy in the world. The author’s  conclusion is that, the loss of US world leadership in terms of output  indicators has not yet become a global problem for other countries  and world economy in the whole.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мировая экономика</kwd><kwd>валовой внутренний продукт</kwd><kwd>мировая торговля</kwd><kwd>мировое лидерство</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>межстрановые сопоставления</kwd><kwd>паритет покупательной способности</kwd><kwd>отрасли высоких технологий</kwd><kwd>конфигурация мирового производства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>world economy</kwd><kwd>Gross Domestic Product</kwd><kwd>world trade</kwd><kwd>world leadership</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>cross-country comparisons</kwd><kwd>purchasing power parity</kwd><kwd>high-technology industries</kwd><kwd>global production configuration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again (2017) // U.S. Government Publishing Office // https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2018- BLUEPRINT/pdf/BUDGET-2018-BLUEPRINT.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again (2017). U.S. Government Publishing Office. Available at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET- 2018-BLUEPRINT/pdf/BUDGET-2018-BLUEPRINT.pdf, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Constantinescu C., Mattoo A., Ruta M. (2015) The Global Trade Slowdown: Cyclical or Structural? // IMF Working Paper WP/15/6. International Monetary Fund. Francis N., Owyang M.T., Soques D. (2015) Does the United States Lead Foreign Business Cycles? // Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, vol. 97, no 2, pp. 133–158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Constantinescu C., Mattoo A., Ruta M. (2015) The Global Trade Slowdown: Cyclical or Structural? // IMF Working Paper WP/15/6. International Monetary Fund. Francis N.,  Owyang M.T., Soques D. (2015) Does the United States Lead Foreign Business Cycles?  Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, vol. 97, no 2, pp. 133–158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Economic Prospects: Broad- Based Upturn, but for How Long? (2018) // World Bank Group // http://documents.banquemondiale.org/curated/fr/965861515772893243/pdf/GEP2018aem bargoed-01092018.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Economic Prospects: Broad-Based Upturn, but for How Long? (2018). World Bank  Group. Available at: http://documents.banquemondiale.org/curated/fr/965861515772893243/pdf/GEP2018aembarg oed-01092018.pdf, accessed 21.04. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISIC rev. 3. Technology Intensity Definition. Classification of manufacturing Industries into Categories Based on R&amp;D Intensities (2011) // OECD // http://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/48350231.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISIC rev. 3. Technology Intensity Definition. Classification of manufacturing  Industries into Categories Based on R&amp;D Intensities (2011). OECD. Available at:  http://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/48350231.pdf, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kose M.A., Lakatos С., Ohnsorge F., Stocker M. (2017) The Global Role of the US Economy: Linkages, Policies and Spillovers // The World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper, No. 7962 // http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/649771486479478785/pdf/WPS7962.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kose M.A., Lakatos С., Ohnsorge F., Stocker M. (2017) The Global Role of the US  Economy: Linkages, Policies and Spillovers. The World Bank. Policy Research Working  Paper, No. 7962. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/649771486479478785/pdf/WPS7962.pdf, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Economic Accounts. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (2017) // Bureau of Economic Analysis // https://www.bea.gov/National/, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Economic Accounts. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (2017). Bureau of Economic Analysis. Available at: https://www.bea.gov/National/, accessed 21.04. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD trade and investment statistical country notes. USA. OECD. 2017. United States Trade and Investment Statistical Note // OECD // http://www.oecd.org/investment/USA-trade- investment-statistical-country-note.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD trade and investment statistical country notes. USA. OECD. 2017. United States  Trade and Investment Statistical Note. OECD. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/investment/USA-trade-investment-statistical-country-note.pdf,  accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Planning for Innovation. Understanding China’s Plans for Technological, Energy, Industrial, and Defense Development (2016) // U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission // https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/Planning%20for%20Innovation-Understanding%20China’s%20Plans%20for%20Tech%20Energy%20Industrial%20and%20D efense%20Development072816.pdf, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Planning for Innovation. Understanding China’s Plans for Technological, Energy, Industrial, and Defense Development (2016). U.S.-China Economic and Security Review  Commission. Available at: https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/Planning%20for%20Innovation- Understanding%20China’s%20Plans%20for%20Tech%20Energy%20Industrial%20and%20Defense%2 0Development072816.pdf, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Public Uncertain, Divided over America’s Place in the World (2016) // Pew Research Center // http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/public-uncertain-divided-over-americas-place-in- the-world/, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Public Uncertain, Divided over America’s Place in the World (2016). Pew Research Center. Available at: http://www.peoplepress.org/2016/05/05/public-uncertain- divided-over-americas-place-in-the-world/,accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Science and Engineering Indicators (2018) // National Science Foundation (NSB-2018-01) // https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/digest/sections/preface, дата обращения 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Science and Engineering Indicators (2018). National Science Foundation (NSB-2018- 01). Available at: https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/digest/sections/preface, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shambaugh J. (2016) Why the United States Needs the World to Grow. Washington, DC: White House Council of Economic Advisers.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shambaugh J. (2016) Why the United States Needs the World to Grow. Washington, DC:  White House Council of Economic Advisers.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shatz H.J. (2016) Charting the U.S. Role in the World Economy. Santa Monica, Calof.: RAND Corporation.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shatz H.J. (2016) Charting the U.S. Role in the World Economy. Santa Monica, Calof.: RAND Corporation.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Trade Statistical Review. Statistical Tables (2017) // WTO // https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2017_e/wts17_toc_e.htm, дата обращения 21.04. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Trade Statistical Review. Statistical Tables (2017). WTO. Available at:  https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2017_e/wts17_toc_e.htm, accessed 21.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
