<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-63-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-329</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальные трансформации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social Transformations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выплеснут ли ребенка вместе с водой? Федеральная реформа школьного образования в США в начале XXI века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Das Kind Mit Dem Bade Ausschütten? U.S. Federal School Reform in Early 21ST Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ЛАНКО</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>LANKO</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, доцент, кафедра европейских исследований</p><p>Адрес: 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7/9</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Politics, Associate Professor, Department of European Studies</p><p>Address: 7/9, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.lanko@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>США в XXI веке: проблемы и вызовы</issue-title><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ЛАНКО Д.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ЛАНКО Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">LANKO D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/329">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/329</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведенный в статье анализ особенностей федеральной реформы школьного образования в США начала XXI в. показывает, как американское правительство пыталось  сократить число отстающих учеников и тем самым повысить средний уровень успеваемости  школьников путем стимулирования их перехода из школ с более низким уровнем подготовки  в школы с более высоким уровнем. Выделяется три этапа реформы. На первом  этапе, в конце ХХ в., в стране появились новые типы школ: в придачу к существовавшим и  ранее общеобразовательным, частным и религиозным школам, а также домашнему обучению, в 1970-е гг. появились школы с углубленным изучением отдельных  предметов, а в 1990-е гг. – чартерные школы. На втором этапе, в годы администрации Дж.  Буша-младшего, федеральное правительство приобрело полномочия стимулировать переход обучающихся из общеобразовательных школ, не обеспечивающих высокого уровня  подготовки, в школы с более высоким уровнем подготовки, включая чартерные школы, а  также содействовать увеличению числа чартерных школ. На третьем этапе, в годы  администрации Б. Обамы и в первый год администрации Д. Трампа, федеральное  правительство столкнулось с невозможностью как существенно увеличить число чартерных школ и обеспечить массовый переход в них обучающихся из общеобразовательных школ, так и существенно повысить средний уровень успеваемости школьников в изначально запланированные сжатые сроки. Даже в случае получения правительством полномочий стимулировать переход школьников также и  в частные школы, на чем настаивает администрация Д. Трампа, это едва ли даст  положительный результат в короткие сроки. Делается вывод, что применяемая в США модель реформы школьного образования не способна решить данную задачу, поскольку в ее основе лежит стремление стимулировать создание элитных школ, в то время как основная  часть отстающих учеников сконцентрирована в общеобразовательных школах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Grounded in analysis of specific features of the federal school reform  undertaken in the U.S. in early 21st century, this article demonstrates that the U.S. government attempted to reduce  the number of students lagging behind and thus to increase  students’ average performance by means of stimulating them to  transfer from underperforming to better schools, including from  public schools to schools of other types, which offer higher quality of  teaching. The article distinguishes three stages of the reform. On the first stage, in late 20th century, new types of schools emerged in the  U.S.: in addition to pre-existent public, private and religious schools, as well as home schooling, magnet schools  emerged in 1970s, and charter schools emerged in 1990s. On the  second stage, during George W. Bush Administration, U.S.  government assumed the powers to stimulate transfer of students  from underperforming public schools to charter schools, and to  stimulate increase in the number of charter schools. On the third  stage, during Barack Obama Administration and the first year of Donald Trump Administration, U.S. government faced the  impossibility to significantly increase the number of charter schools, to stimulate mass transfer of students from public schools  to charter schools, and to significantly improve average students’  performance over short time. Even if U.S. government assumes the  powers to stimulate transfer of students also to private schools, as  Donald Trump Administration proposed, it will hardly have a positive  effect in the short run. The article concludes that the model of school reform applied in the U.S. cannot solve the puzzle, because it  concentrates available resources around elite schools, while most  students lagging behind concentrate around traditional public schools.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>начальное и среднее образование</kwd><kwd>качество образования</kwd><kwd>образовательная реформа</kwd><kwd>федерализм</kwd><kwd>общеобразовательные школы</kwd><kwd>чартерные школы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>United States of America</kwd><kwd>elementary and secondary education</kwd><kwd>quality of education</kwd><kwd>education reform</kwd><kwd>federalism</kwd><kwd>public schools</kwd><kwd>charter schools</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генин В.Е. (2008) Современные инновационные тенденции в высшем образовании США // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 20: Педагогическое образование. № 2. C. 34–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Nation At Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform (1983). U.S. Department of  Education. Available at: https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марусенко М.А. (2016) Глобализация и реформа образования в США // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. № 5. C. 64–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd D. (2003) The Current State Fiscal Crisis and Its Aftermath. Report to the  Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Available at:  https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.word-press.com/2013/01/the-current-state- fiscal-crisis-and-its-aftermath-pdf.pdf, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нитобург Э.Л. (2008) О некоторых аспектах расовой проблемы в США на рубеже XX– XXI веков // Новая и новейшая история. № 1. C. 69–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brill S. (2012) Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America’s Schools. New York:  Simon and Schuster.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скачкова И.И. (2011) Социолингвистические аспекты споров о двуязычном образовании в США // В мире научных открытий. Т. 14. № 2. C. 84–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown E., McLaren M. (2016) How Indiana’s School Voucher Program Soared, and What It  Says about Education in the Trump Era. Washington Post, December 26, 2016. Available  at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/how-indianas-school-voucher- program-soaredand-what-it-says-about-education-inthe-trump- era/2016/12/26/13d1d3ecbc97-11e6-91ee-1adddfe36cbe_story.html? utm_term=.19c76e79ed13, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарасов А.А. (2011) Несостоятельность (банкротство) муниципальных образований: опыт США и предложения для России // Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право. Т. 4. № 2. C. 47–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clabaugh G.K. (2004) The Educational Legacy of Ronald Reagan. Educational Horizons, no 82, pp. 256–259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толмачева А.А. (2006) Вспомогательные информационные технологии в специальном образовании в США // Инновации. № 7. C. 68–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen E.S. (2001) The Politics of Globalization in the United States. Washington: Georgetown University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Nation At Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform (1983) // U.S. Department of Education // https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper K.J. (1999) ‘89 Education Summit’s Goals Still Unmet. Washington Post,  December 3, 1999. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/12/03/89-educationsummits-goals-still-unmet/eaddd5a4-691b-4288-b50f-9a3aceaff979/?utm_term=.8fba0ff5c6f9, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd D. (2003) The Current State Fiscal Crisis and Its Aftermath. Report to the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured // https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.word- press.com/2013/01/the-current-state-fiscal-crisis-and-its-aftermathpdf.pdf, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965). U.S. Department of Education. Available at: https://www2.ed.gov/documents/essa-act-of-1965.pdf, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brill S. (2012) Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America’s Schools. New York: Simon and Schuster.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finn C.E. (2008) Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform since Sputnik.  Princeton: Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown E., McLaren M. (2016) How Indiana’s School Voucher Program Soared, and What It Says about Education in the Trump Era // Washington Post, December 26, 2016 // https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/how-indianas-school-voucher-program- soaredand-what-it-says-about-education-inthe-trump-era/2016/12/26/13d1d3ecbc97-11e6- 91ee-1adddfe36cbe_story.html?utm_term=.19c76e79ed13, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genin V.E. (2008) Sovremennye innovatsionnye tendentsii v vysshem obrazovanii SShA  [Contemporary Innovative Tendencies in Higher Education in the U.S.]. Vestnik of  Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 20: Pedagogicheskoe Obrazovanie, no 2, pp. 34–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clabaugh G.K. (2004) The Educational Legacy of Ronald Reagan // Educational Horizons, no 82, pp. 256–259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H.R.1 – No Child Left Behind Act (2002). U.S. Congress. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1, accessed 27.02.2018. H.R.1804 – Goals 2000: Educate America</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen E.S. (2001) The Politics of Globalization in the United States. Washington: Georgetown University Press. Cooper K.J. (1999) ‘89 Education Summit’s Goals Still Unmet // Washington Post, December 3, 1999 // https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1999/12/03/89-education-summits- goalsstill-unmet/eaddd5a4-691b-4288-b50f-9a3aceaff979/?utm_term=.8fba0ff5c6f9,дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Act (1994). U.S. Congress. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd- congress/house-bill/1804, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) // U.S. Department of Education // https://www2.ed.gov/documents/essa-act-of-1965.pdf, дата обращения 27. 02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hackett U. (2017) Offers and Throffers: Education Policy under Obama. The Obama  Presidency and the Politics of Change (eds. Ashbee E., Dumbrell J.). London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 181–198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finn C.E. (2008) Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform since Sputnik. Princeton: Princeton University Press. H.R.1 – No Child Left Behind Act(2002) // U.S. Congress // https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/housebill/1, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maranto M., McShane M.Q., Rhinesmith E. (2016) Education Reform in the Obama Era:  The Second Term and the 2016 Election. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Marusenko M.A.  (2016) Globalizatsiya i reforma obrazovaniya v SShA [Globalization and Education  Reform in the U.S.]. SShА i Kanada: ekonomika, politika, kul’tura, no 5, pp. 64–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H.R.1804 – Goals 2000: Educate America Act (1994) // U.S. Congress //https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1804, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Multiple Choice: Charter School Performance in 16 States University (2009). CREDO,  Center for Research in Education Outcomes at Stanford. Available at: http://credo.stanford.edu/reports/MULTIPLE_CHOICE_CREDO.pdf, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hackett U. (2017) Offers and Throffers: Education Policy under Obama // The Obama Presidency and the Politics of Change (eds. Ashbee E., Dumbrell J.). London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 181–198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nitoburg E.L. (2008) O nekotorykh aspektakh rasovoj problemy v SShA na rubezhe XX- XXI vekov [Some Aspects of the Race Problem in the U.S. on the Threshold of 20th and  21st Centuries]. Novaya i novejshaya istoriya, no 1, pp 69–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maranto M., McShane M.Q., Rhinesmith E. (2016) Education Reform in the Obama Era: The Second Term and the 2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker J. (2009) No Child Left Behind: The Politics and Policy of Education Reform. Assessing the George W. Bush Presidency: A Tale of Two Terms (eds. Wroe A., Herbert  J.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 182–198. PISA 2015: Results in Focus  (2015). OECD. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in- focus.pdf,accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Election. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Multiple Choice: Charter School Performance in 16 States University (2009) // CREDO, Center for Research in Education Outcomes at Stanford // http://credo.stanford. edu/reports/MULTIPLE_CHOICE_CREDO.pdf, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhodes J. (2012) An Education in Politics: The Origins and Evolution of No Child Left Behind. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. S.1141 – America 2000 Excellence in  Education Act (1991). U.S. Congress. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/1141, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker J. (2009) No Child Left Behind: The Politics and Policy of Education Reform // Assessing the George W. Bush Presidency: A Tale of Two Terms (eds. Wroe A., Herbert J.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 182–198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.1177 – Every Student Succeeds Act (2015). U.S. Congress. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1177, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PISA 2015: Results in Focus (2015) // OECD // https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results- in-focus.pdf, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sims P., Rossmeier V. (2015) The State of Public Education in New Orleans: 10 Years After Hurricane Katrina. Tulane University Available at: http://www.speno2015.com/read-online.html, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhodes J. (2012) An Education in Politics: The Origins and Evolution of No Child Left Behind. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. S.1141 – America 2000 Excellence in Education Act (1991) // U.S. Congress //https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/1141, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skachkova I.I. (2011) Sotsiolingvistichekie aspekty sporov o dvuyazychnom obrazovanii v SShA [Socio-Linguistic Aspects of the Debates on Bilingual Education in the U.S.]. V mire nauchnykh otkrytij, vol. 14, no 2, pp. 84–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S.1177 – Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) // U.S. Congress // https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senatebill/1177, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sullivan M. (1) (2015) Donald Trump on Education: 5 Things the Presidential Candidate Wants You to Know. Forbes, June 16, 2015. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/06/16/donald-trump-on-education-5- things-the-presidential-candidatewants-you-to-know/#2dd5364b7d44, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sims P., Rossmeier V. (2015) The State of Public Education in New Orleans: 10 Years After Hurricane Katrina. Tulane University // http://www.speno2015.com/read-online.html, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sullivan M. (2) (2015) Hillary Clinton on Education: 8 Things the Presidential Candidate Wants You to Know. Forbes, April 12, 2015. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/04/12/hillary-clinton-oneducation-8-things-the-presidential-candidate-wants-you-to-know/, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sullivan M. (1) (2015) Donald Trump on Education: 5 Things the Presidential Candidate Wants You to Know // Forbes,June 16, 2015 // https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/06/16/donald-trump-on-education-5- things-thepresidential-candidate-wants-you-toknow/#2dd5364b7d44, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasov A.A. (2011) Nesostoyatel’nost’ (bankrotstvo) munitsipal’nykh obrazovanij: opyt SShA i predlozheniya dlya Rossii [Insolvency (Bankruptcy) of Local Governments:  U.S. Experience and Recommendations for Russia]. Outlines of Global Transformations:  Politics, Economics, Law, vol. 4, no 2, pp. 47–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sullivan M. (2) (2015) Hillary Clinton on Education: 8 Things the Presidential Candidate Wants You to Know // Forbes, April 12, 2015 // https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/04/12/hillaryclinton-on-education-8- things-the-presidential-candidate-wants-you-to-know/,дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolmacheva A.A. (2006) Vspomogatel’nye informatsionnye tekhnologii v spetsial’nom obrazovanii v SShA [Subsidiary Information Technologies in Special Education in the U.S]. Innovatsii, no 7, pp. 68–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trump Signs Bills Overturning Obama-Era Education Regulations (2017) // Los Angeles Times, March 28, 2017 // http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-essential-education- updates-southerntrump-signs-bills-overturning-obamaera-1490718119-htmlstory.html, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trump Signs Bills Overturning Obama-Era Education Regulations (2017). Los Angeles  Times, March 28, 2017. Available at: http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la- essential-education-updatessouthern-trump-signs-bills-overturningobama-era- 1490718119-htmlstory.html, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trump D. (2017) Joint Address to Congress // Whitehouse.gov, February 28, 2017 // https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/remarks-president-trumpjoint-address- congress/, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trump D. (2017) Joint Address to Congress. Whitehouse.gov, February 28, 2017. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks- presidenttrump-joint-address-congress/, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trump D. (2018) State of the Union Address // Whitehouse.gov, January 30, 2018 // https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/president-donald-j-trumpsstate-union- address/, дата обращения 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trump D. (2018) State of the Union Address. Whitehouse.gov, January 30, 2018.  Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/presidentdonald-j- trumps-state-union-address/, accessed 27.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
