<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-12-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Культура и идентичность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Culture and Identity</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ожившая история США: гражданская война памятников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alive American History: Сivil War of Monuments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ТРАВКИНА</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>TRAVKINA</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор политических наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель Центравнутриполитических исследований</p><p>Адрес: 123995, Москва, Хлебный пер., д. 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Politics, Center for Domestic Policy Research Head</p><p>Address: 2/3, Khlebnyj Lane, Moscow, 123995 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uspolitika@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт США и Канады Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>США в XXI веке: проблемы и вызовы</issue-title><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ТРАВКИНА Н.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ТРАВКИНА Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">TRAVKINA N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/326">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/326</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются истоки и причины общественного противостояния в США вокруг  проблемы сохранения памятников и монументов, посвященных периоду Конфедерации на  Юге США во время Гражданской войны (1861–1865 гг.). Указывается, что главным фактором противостояния явилась победа на президентских выборах 2016 г. Д. Трампа, который в  сознании сторонников Демократической партии США ассоциируется с расовыми идеями  «превосходства белых». С приходом к власти Д. Трампа в США возникло достаточно мощное движение, главным образом в южных штатах, по сносу и демонтажу памятников  Конфедерации, которые символизируют, по мнению леволиберальных сил, идеи и теории  высших и низших рас, что считалось канувшим в Лету после принятия в 1960-х гг. законов о гражданских правах. В настоящее время в США насчитывается более 1,5 тысяч артефактов,  относящихся к периоду Конфедерации или символизирующих ее и героизирующих ее  военачальников. Приводятся конкретные истории демонтажа памятников Конфедерации в  различных штатах. Вместе с тем рассматриваются и контрдействия противников демонтажа  наследия Конфедерации, которые создали в последние годы мощные правовые барьеры по  охране памятников Конфедерации под предлогом защиты культурного наследия прошлых исторических периодов. Констатируется, что в ретроспективном плане нынешняя  волна демонтажа памятников Конфедерации является до известной степени правомерным  шагом, поскольку на протяжении первых 30 лет ХХ в. они воздвигались как политические  символы сегрегационно-расистского режима апартеида, установившегося в 26 американских штатах в результате принятия т. наз. «законов Джима Кроу» на рубеже XIX и XX вв. В заключении делается вывод о том, что при президенте Д. Трампе острота проблемы  демонтажа/сохранения памятников Конфедерации и других монументов американской  истории будет сохраняться и впредь.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the origins and causes of public resistance in the United States about the issue of preservation of monuments,  symbolizing the period of the Confederacy in the U.S. South during the Civil war (1861-1865). Indicates that the main factor in  the confrontation was a victory in the presidential elections of 2016  of D.Trump, who in the minds of his Democratic Party supporters is  associated with racial ideas of “white supremacy”. With the coming  to power of D. Trump in the U.S. relatively powerful movement emerged, mainly in the southern States for the  demolition and dismantling of Confederate monuments, which  symbolize, in the opinion of left-liberal forces, the ideas and theories  of superior and inferior races, who were believed to be sunk into  oblivion after the adoption in the 1960-s of civil rights laws.  Currently in the U.S. there are more than 1.5 thousand artifacts  relating to or symbolizing the period of the Confederacy and glorify  its military leaders. The specific histories of the dismantling of  monuments of the Confederation in various States are outlined.  However are considered and the counteractions of the opponents of  dismantling the legacy of the Confederacy are considered, which  created in the recent years the strong legal barriers for the  protection of Confederate monuments under the pretext of  protecting the cultural heritage of past historical periods. It is stated  that in retrospect, the current wave of dismantling of the  Confederate monument is to some extent а justified step because for  the first 30 years of the twentieth century these monuments  were erected as political symbols of the segregation-racist regime of  apartheid established in 26 U.S. States after the adoption of the so- called laws of “Jim Crow” at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. In the  conclusion it is stated that under the President D. Trump the severity  of the problem of the removal/preservation of Confederate  monuments and other monuments of the past American history will  remain in the foreseeable future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гражданская война в США</kwd><kwd>памятники Конфедерации</kwd><kwd>культурно-историческое наследие</kwd><kwd>президент Д. Трамп</kwd><kwd>генерал Р. Ли</kwd><kwd>превосходство белых</kwd><kwd>законы Джима Кроу</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Civil war</kwd><kwd>Confederate monuments</kwd><kwd>cultural and historical heritage</kwd><kwd>President D. Trump</kwd><kwd>general R. Lee</kwd><kwd>white supremacy</kwd><kwd>Jim Crow laws</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AHA Statement on Confederate Monuments (August 2017) // American Historical Association // https://www.historians.org/news-and-advocacy/statementsand-resolutions-of-support-and-protest/aha-statement-on-confederate-monuments, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AHA Statement on Confederate Monuments (August 2017). American Historical Association. Available at: https://www.historians.org/news-and-advocacy/statements-and-resolutions-of-support-andprotest/aha-statement-on-confederatemonuments,accessed  10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alabama Memorial Preservation Act of 2017 (AL Act 2017-354) // http://arc- sos.state.al.us/PAC/SOSACPDF.001/A0012128.PDF, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alabama Memorial Preservation Act of 2017 (AL Act 2017-354). Available at: http://arc-sos.state.al.us/PAC/SOSACPDF.001/A0012128.PDF, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Antiquities Act of 1906. 16 USC 431–433 // National Park Service // https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Antiquities Act of 1906.16 USC 431–433. National Park Service. Available  at: https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm, accessed 10.02. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansley F. (1997) White Supremacy (And What We Should Do about It) // Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror (eds. Delgado R., Stefancic J.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 592–595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansley F. (1997) White Supremacy (And What We Should Do about It). Critical White  Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror (eds. Delgado R., Stefancic J.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 592–595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barszewski L. (2017) Family Says There’s More to Gov. Broward than Just One Speech // Sun Sentinel, October 19, 2017 // http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-reg-florida-governor- broward-legacy-racism-20171018-story.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barszewski L. (2017) Family Says There’s More to Gov. Broward than Just One Speech.  Sun Sentinel, October 19, 2017. Available at: http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-reg-florida-governor-broward-legacy-racism-20171018- story.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buell S. (2017) Massachusetts Is Finally Removing Its Confederate Monument // Boston News, October 2, 2017 // http://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2017/10/02/massachusetts-removing-confederate-monument/, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buell S. (2017) Massachusetts Is Finally Removing Its Confederate Monument. Boston  News, October 2, 2017. Available at: http://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2017/10/02/massachusetts-removing-confederate- monument/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drew J. (2017) Duke University Removes Robert E. Lee Statue from Chapel // Winston-Salem Journal, August 19, 2017 // http://www.journalnow.com/news/state_region/duke-university-removes-robert-e-lee-statue-from-chapel/article_049f02c2-f68a-5016-bc94-9b88c71b0d32.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drew J. (2017) Duke University Removes Robert E. Lee Statue from Chapel. Winston- Salem Journal, August 19,2017. Available at: http://www.journalnow.com/news/state_region/dukeuniversity-removes-robert-e-lee- statue-from-chapel/article_049f02c2-f68a-5016-bc94-9b88c71b0d32.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards-Levy A. (2017) Polls Find Little Support For Confederate Statue Removal – But How You Ask Matters // HuffPost, August 23, 2017 // https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/confederate- statues-removal-polls_us_599de056e4b05710aa59841c, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards-Levy A. (2017) Polls Find Little Support For Confederate Statue Removal –  But How You Ask Matters. Huff-Post, August 23, 2017. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/confederate-statues-removal-polls_us_  599de056e-4b05710aa59841c, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellison S. (2017) Why Charlottesville, Liberal College Town, Became Ground Zero for White Supremacy // Vanity Fair, August 15, 2017 // https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/08/charlottesville-liberalcollege-town-ground-zero-for- white-supremacy, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellison S. (2017) Why Charlottesville, Liberal College Town, Became Ground Zero for  White Supremacy. Vanity Fair, August 15, 2017. Available at: https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/08/charlottesville-liberal-college-town-ground- zerofor-white-supremacy, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein J. (2016) Long Beach to Rename Three Schools // The Grunion, July 19, 2016 // http://www.gazettes.com/news/long-beach-to-rename-three-schools/article_43edd8fe-4dd0-11e6- 8af7-234d98574d53.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein J. (2016) Long Beach to Rename Three Schools. The Grunion, July 19, 2016.  Available at: http://www.gazettes.com/news/long-beach-to-rename-threeschools/article_43edd8fe-4dd0-11e6-8af7-234d98574d53.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garnier T. (2017) South Carolina Judge Dismisses Case to Keep Confederate Flag in Courtroom // Fox News, August 24, 2017 // http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/08/24/south-carolina-judge- dismisses-case-to-keep-confederate-flag-incourtroom.html, дата обращения 10.02. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garnier T. (2017) South Carolina Judge Dismisses Case to Keep Confederate Flag in Courtroom. Fox News, August 24, 2017. Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/08/24/south-carolina-judge-dismisses-case-to-keep- confederate-flag-incourtroom.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray E. (2015) The History Of Using White Female Sexuality To Justify Racist Violence // HuffPost, June 18, 2015 // https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/18/white-female-sexualityand-racist- violence-a-history_n_7613048.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray E. (2015) The History Of Using White Female Sexuality To Justify Racist Violence. HuffPost, June 18, 2015. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/18/white-female-sexuality-and-racist- violence-a-history_n_7613048.html,accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwood M. (2017) Trump Defends ‘Beautiful’ Confederate Statues // The Hill, August 17, 2017 // http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/346929-trump-revives-defense-of- confederatemonuments,дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwood M. (2017) Trump Defends ‘Beautiful’ Confederate Statues. The Hill, August  17, 2017. Available at: http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/346929-trump- revives-defense-of-confederatemonuments,accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grierson J. (2017) Baltimore Takes Down Confederate Statues in Middle of Night // The Guardian, August 16, 2017 // https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/16/baltimore-takesdown-confederate-statues-in-middle-ofnight,дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grierson J. (2017) Baltimore Takes Down Confederate Statues in Middle of Night. The  Guardian, August 16, 2017.Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us- news/2017/aug/16/baltimore-takesdown-confederate-statues-in-middle-ofnight, accessed  10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How Six Flags Over Texas Overreacted to the Confederate Controversy (2017) // Dallas News, August 23, 2017 // https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/2017/08/23/amid-confederacy- debate-six-flags-decision-dump-namesakebanners-fails-facts-vs-tribute-test, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">How Six Flags Over Texas Overreacted to the Confederate Controversy (2017). Dallas  News, August 23, 2017. Available at:https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/2017/08/23/amid-confederacy-debate-six-flags-decision-dump-namesakebanners-fails-facts-vs-tribute-test, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson A. (2017) Durham, North Carolina: Seven Arrested in Toppling of Confederate Statue // CNN, August 17, 2017 // http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/14/us/confederate-statue-pulled-down- northcarolina-trnd/index.html, дата обращения10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson A. (2017) Durham, North Carolina: Seven Arrested in Toppling of Confederate Statue. CNN, August 17, 2017. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/14/us/confederate-statue-pulleddown-north-carolina- trnd/index.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J. (2017) Protesters Cover UVA’s Thomas Jefferson Statue in Black Shroud // New York Post, September 13, 2017 //https://nypost.com/2017/09/13/protesters-cover-uvas-thomas-jefferson- statuein-black-shroud/, дата обращения 10.02.2018. Moore T., Prendergast D., Roberts G., Steinbuch Y. (2017) Teddy Roosevelt Attacked at Museum of Natural History // New York Post, October 26, 2017 //https://nypost.com/2017/10/26/teddyroosevelt-statue-doused-in-red-paint/, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J. (2017) Protesters Cover UVA’s Thomas Jefferson Statue in Black Shroud. New  York Post, September 13, 2017. Availableat: https://nypost.com/2017/09/13/protesters-cover-uvas-thomas-jefferson-statue-in- black-shroud/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">New Orleans Tears Down Confederate Monument (2017) // CBS News, April 24, 2017 // https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vigil-vs-removal-of-statue-of-confederate-president-jefferson- davis-in-new-orleans/,дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore T., Prendergast D., Roberts G., Steinbuch Y. (2017) Teddy Roosevelt Attacked at Museum of Natural History. New York Post, October 26, 2017. Available at: https://nypost.com/2017/10/26/teddyroosevelt-statue-doused-in-red-paint/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newkirk V. (2017) The Language of White Supremacy // The Atlantic, October 6, 2017 // https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/10/the-language-of-white-supremacy/542148/, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New Orleans Tears Down Confederate Monument (2017). CBS News, April 24, 2017.  Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vigil-vs-removal-of-statue-ofconfederate-president-jefferson-davis-innew-orleans/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Connell E. (2008) Public Commemoration of the Civil War and Monuments to Memory: The Triumph of Robert E. Lee and the Lost Cause. Stony Brook University. Parks M. (2017) Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A ‘White Supremacist Future’ // NRP, August 20, 2017 // https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544266880/confederate-statues-were-built-to-further-awhite-supremacist-future, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newkirk V. (2017) The Language of White Supremacy. The Atlantic, October 6, 2017.  Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/10/the-language-of- white-supremacy/542148/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pildes R. (2000) Democracy, Anti-democracy, and Canon // Constitutional Commentary, vol. 17, no 2, pp. 295–319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Connell E. (2008) Public Commemoration of the Civil War and Monuments to Memory:  The Triumph of Robert E. Lee and the Lost Cause. Stony Brook University. Parks M.  (2017) Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A ‘White Supremacist Future’. NRP,  August 20, 2017. Available at: https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544266880/confederate- statues-were-builtto-further-a-white-supremacist-future, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renkl M. (2018) A Monument the Old South Would Like to Ignore // The New York Times, January 29, 2018 // https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/opinion/south-monuments-nashville.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pildes R. (2000) Democracy, Anti-democracy, and Canon. Constitutional Commentary, vol. 17, no 2, pp. 295–319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds J. (2017) Georgia State Law Makes it Difficult to Completely Remove or Hide Confederate Monuments // 13WMAZ, August 17, 2017 // http://www.13wmaz.com/mobile/article/news/local/georgia-state-law-makes-it-difficult-to- completely-remove-or-hide-confederate-monuments/93-464932603, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renkl M. (2018) A Monument the Old South Would Like to Ignore. The New York Times,  January 29, 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/opinion/south- monuments-nashville.html,accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rios E. (2017) A Mississippi School Named for Jefferson Davis Is Being Renamed After Obama // Mother Jones, October 18, 2017 // https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/a- mississippischool-named-for-jefferson-davis-is-being-renamed-after-obama/, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds J. (2017) Georgia State Law Makes it Difficult to Completely Remove or Hide  Confederate Monuments. 13WMAZ, August 17, 2017. Available at:http://www.13wmaz.com/mobile/article/news/local/georgia-state-law-makes- itdifficult-to-completely-remove-or-hideconfederate-monuments/93-464932603, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robles F., Horowitz J., Dewan Sh. (2015) Dylann Roof, Suspect in Charleston Shooting, Flew the Flags of White Power // The New York Times, June 18, 2015 // https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/19/us/on-facebook-dylann-roof-charleston-suspect-wears- symbols-of-white-supremacy.html, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rios E. (2017) A Mississippi School Named for Jefferson Davis Is Being Renamed After  Obama. Mother Jones, October 18, 2017. Available at: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/amississippi-school-named-for- jeffersondavis-is-being-renamed-after-obama/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seabrook Th. (2015) Tributes to the Past, Present, and Future: Confederate Memorialization in Virginia, 1914–1919 // https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/52895/Seabrook_TR_T_2015.pdf? sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robles F., Horowitz J., Dewan Sh. (2015) Dylann Roof, Suspect in Charleston  Shooting, Flew the Flags of White Power. The New York Times, June 18, 2015.  Available at:https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/19/us/on-facebook-dylann-roof- charleston-suspect-wears-symbols-of-white-supremacy.html, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spence S. (2017) Heritage Act Protecting S.C. Monuments Akin to Anti- evolution Law in Scopes Monkey Trial,Charleston Lawyer Says // Charleston City Paper, August 18, 2017 // https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/TheBattery/ archives/2017/08/18/heritage-act-protecting-sc- monuments-akin-to-anti-evolutionlaw-in-scopes-monkey-trial-charlestonlawyer-says, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seabrook Th. (2015) Tributes to the Past, Present, and Future: Confederate  Memorialization in Virginia, 1914–1919. Available at: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/52895/Seabrook_TR_T_2015.pdf? sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spielman F., Dudek M. (2017) Alderman Says Lincoln Bust in West Englewood Burned // Chicago Sun-Times, August 17, 2017 // https://chicago.suntimes.com/chicago-politics/674297/, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spence S. (2017) Heritage Act Protecting S.C. Monuments Akin to Anti-evolution Law  in Scopes Monkey Trial, Charleston Lawyer Says. Charleston City Paper, August 18,  2017. Available at: https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/TheBattery/archives/2017/08/18/heritage-act- protecting-sc-monuments-akin-to-anti-evolution-law-in-scopes-monkey-trial- charleston-lawyer-says, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamburin A. (2016) Daughters of the Confederacy Reluctantly Accepts Vander bilt Deal // Tennessean, August 16, 2016 // https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2016/08/16/daughters-confederacy-reluctantly-accepts-vanderbiltdeal/88873674/, дата обращения 10.02. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spielman F., Dudek M. (2017) Alderman Says Lincoln Bust in West Englewood Burned.  Chicago Sun-Times, August 17, 2017. Available at: https://chicago.suntimes.com/chicago-politics/674297/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2016 // http://wwwHB2129.pdf, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamburin A. (2016) Daughters of the Confederacy Reluctantly Accepts Vanderbilt Deal.  Tennessean, August 16, 2016. Available at: https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2016/08/16/daughtersconfederacy-reluctantly-accepts-vanderbilt-deal/88873674/, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tischauser L. (2012) Jim Crow Laws. Santa Barbara: Greenwood. Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy (2016) // Southern Poverty Law Center // https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/com_whose_heritage.pdf, дата обращения 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2016. Available at: http://wwwHB2129.pdf, accessed 10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winberry J. (2015) ‘Lest We Forget’: The Confederate Monument and the Southern Townscape // Southeastern Geographer, vol. 55, no 1, pp. 19–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tischauser L. (2012) Jim Crow Laws. Santa Barbara: Greenwood.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy (2016). Southern Poverty Law  Center. Available at: https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/com_whose_heritage.pdf, accessed  10.02.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy (2016). Southern Poverty Law  Center. Available at: https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/com_whose_heritage.pdf, accessed  10.02.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winberry J. (2015) ‘Lest We Forget’: The Confederate Monument and the Southern  Townscape. Southeastern Geographer,vol. 55, no 1, pp. 19–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winberry J. (2015) ‘Lest We Forget’: The Confederate Monument and the Southern  Townscape. Southeastern Geographer,vol. 55, no 1, pp. 19–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
