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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-2-97-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Культура и идентичность</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Culture and Identity</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТЬ НА БЛИЖНЕМ ВОСТОКЕ – НЕВЫНОСИМАЯ ХРУПКОСТЬ БЫТИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOVEREIGNTY AND STATEHOOD IN THE MIDDLE EAST – THE UNBEARABLE FRAGILITY OF BEING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ЗВЯГЕЛЬСКАЯ</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>ZVYAGELSKAYA</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, кафедра востоковедения, Московский  государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</p><p>проспект Вернадского, 76, Москва, 119454, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Oriental Studies Moscow State Institute of International  Relations (University) MFA Russia</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izvyagelskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Ближний Восток: на пути к новой политической реальности</issue-title><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ЗВЯГЕЛЬСКАЯ И.Д., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ЗВЯГЕЛЬСКАЯ И.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ZVYAGELSKAYA I.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/31">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/31</self-uri><abstract><p>На Ближнем Востоке государства традиционно сталкивались с серьезными ограничениями со стороны региональных и глобальных великих держав. Как хорошо известно, влияние  транснациональных сил, фактор глобализации и разрушение государственности в  результате внутренних конфликтов либо внешнего вмешательства способствуют ослаблению государственного суверенитета. Внешние силы в лице как отдельных  государств, так и международных организаций на протяжении нескольких десятилетий с  различным успехом оказывали влияние на международные отношения в регионе. Это  влияние носило двойственный характер. Несмотря на несправедливость колониальной  политики и произвольно определенные границы, раздел оттоманского наследия стал значительным  шагом вперед в направлении модернизации традиционных обществ и возникновения  современных государств Ближнего Востока. Последним, однако, так и не удалось преодолеть генетическую зависимость от внешних игроков. С началом  деколонизации острая конкуренция сверхдержав также не способствовала формированию  новой региональной системы международных отношений, поскольку и Советский Союз, и  Соединенные Штаты активно стремились вовлечь страны региона в орбиту своего влияния.  Общая логика советско-американского соперничества в эпоху «холодной войны» предопределяла особую роль внешних игроков на Ближнем Востоке. По окончании  «холодной войны» проблема внешнего вмешательства сохранилась, но теперь она была тесно связана с попыткой новой интерпретации концепции суверенитета. Разрушение  биполярной системы повлекло за собой распространение идеи, согласно которой все угрозы  миру уже были якобы ликвидированы. Вторжения в Ирак и Ливию в форме гуманитарных  интервенций привели к расшатыванию светских политических режимов в масштабе всего  региона и способствовали усилению внесистемных игроков, в том числе различных террористических групп.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The impact of globalization, the emergence of transnational actors and the destruction of the states by internal conflicts and/or foreign interference have contributed to the weakening of their sovereignty. In the Middle East, states often face serious constraints on the part of regional and global powers. Their sovereignty is also being eroded under the pressure of numerous non-state actors. External forces (individual states and international organizations) have over the decades formed with varying degrees of success the political face of the Middle East with directly impacting on the structure of regional international relations. This influence was ambiguous. Despite the injustice of the colonial policy, and arbitrarily drawn borders, the partition of the Ottoman legacy was a step towards modernisation of traditional societies, the emergence of modern Middle Eastern States, which, however, were in genetic dependence on external  players. The absence of great powers, able to form new regional  system, was the result of a colonial policy and at the same time a  factor in the preservation of the special role of external players in  the Middle East. The problem of external intervention was closely  connected with the attempt of new reading of the concept of  sovereignty. This was preceded by the collapse of the bipolar system, which gave birth to the idea that all major threats to  the world were eliminated. Interventions in the form of humanitarian intervention and R2P in Iraq and Libya led to the collapse of the  former political system due to the lack of institutions, and  contributed to the strengthening of non-system players, including terrorist groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>суверенитет</kwd><kwd>Вестфальская система</kwd><kwd>государственность</kwd><kwd>конфликты</kwd><kwd>вмешательство</kwd><kwd>национализм</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sovereignty</kwd><kwd>the Westphalian system</kwd><kwd>statehood</kwd><kwd>conflicts</kwd><kwd>interference</kwd><kwd>nationalism</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геллнер Э. (1991). Нации и национализм. Москва: Прогресс. 602</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzan B. (1983). People, States and Fear. 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