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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-1-185-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Точка зрения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Point of View</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уроки организационного провала иностранных инвестиций: опыт двух финских государственных предприятий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Lesson from two Failed Foreign Investments: the Foreign (Ad)Venture of two Finnish State-Owned Enterprises</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиухто</surname><given-names>Кари</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liuhto</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, директор </p><p>Факультет экономики</p><p>20500, Турку, Rehtorinpellonkatu, 3 </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Turku School of Economics</p><p>3, Rehtorinpellonkatu Str., Turku, 20500 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kari.liuhto@utu.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Панъевропейский институт, Университет г. Турку</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pan-European Institute, the University of Turku</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Государство и транснациональный бизнес</issue-title><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лиухто К., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лиухто К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liuhto K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/277">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/277</self-uri><abstract><p>Неудачный опыт столь же ценен, как и опыт успешный. В этой статье будут рассмотрены примеры двух финских государственных предприятий, а именно Sonera и Stora Enso. В 2000 году Sonera приобрела лицензию на производство мобильных телефонов в Германии и Италии за 4 миллиарда долларов США. Два года спустя выяснилось, что лицензия была бесполезной. В свою очередь, Stora Enso приобрела американскую бумажную фирму за 5 миллиардов долларов США в 2000 году, но спустя семь лет Stora Enso продала это американское подразделение с убытком в 2-3 миллиарда американских долларов. Эти два случая показывают, что основной причиной неудач была неспособность руководства государственного предприятия прогнозировать развитие бизнеса. Другими основными причинами неудачи являлись недостаточный государственный контроль, а также различное видение перспективы со стороны руководства и основного акционера. Пассивный государственный контроль может побудить руководство предприятия осуществлять авантюрные инвестиционные стратегии и принимать серьезные риски. В случае с Sonera рискованное поведение привело к серьезным финансовым трудностям и, наконец, к принудительной продаже всей группы шведской телекоммуникационной компании Telia. Более сильное финансовое положение Stora Enso спасло ее от организационной неудачи. Налицо урок для политиков: ответственный министр, как и его подчиненные, должны проводить более активную политику, соотнося управление соответствующими государственными предприятиями со стратегическими интересами государства. Недавняя публичная дискуссия о государственном управлении в Финляндии показывает, что финское правительство по-прежнему испытывает трудности с полным переосмыслением Руководящих принципов корпоративно- го управления ОЭСР государственными предприятиями. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>As an organisational failure may teach more than an organisational success, this article describes the failed foreign investments of two Finnish stateowned enterprises (SOEs), namely Sonera and Stora Enso. In 2000, Sonera acquired a mobile phone licence in Germany and Italy for USD 4,000 million. Two years later, it turned out that the licence was worthless. In turn, Stora Enso acquired an American paper firm for USD 5,000 million in 2000, but seven years later Stora Enso sold this US unit at a loss of USD 2,000–3,000 million. These two cases reveal that the major reason for these failures was the inability of SOE management to predict business development. Other major reasons for failure were the conflicting motives of the management and the company (the main shareholder), and inadequate state control. Passive control of the state may encourage SOE management to exercise adventurous investment policies and take major risks. In Sonera’s case, unrealistic risk taking led to serious financial difficulties, and finally, to a forced sale of the entire group to Telia, the Swedish telecom company. Stora Enso’s stronger financial position saved it from an organisational failure. A lesson to policy-makers: a responsible minister and the minister’s subordinates should exercise a more active ownership policy and keep the political interests of his/her party subordinate to the strategic interests of the state. Recent public discussion on SOE governance in Finland reveals that the Finnish Government still experiences difficulties in fully digesting the wisdom of the OECD Guidelines of Corporate Governance of StateOwned Enterprises. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иностранные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>финские государственные предприятия</kwd><kwd>организационный провал</kwd><kwd>государственный контроль</kwd><kwd>Sonera</kwd><kwd>Stora Enso</kwd><kwd>Fortum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foreign investment</kwd><kwd>Finnish state-owned enterprises</kwd><kwd>organizational failure</kwd><kwd>state control</kwd><kwd>Sonera</kwd><kwd>Stora Enso</kwd><kwd>Fortum</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит г-на Теему Ительлинна за его помощь в подготовке настоящей статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author wishes to thank Mr. Teemu Itälinna for his help in searching for the material for this article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anastassopoulos J.P., Blanc G., Dussauge P. 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