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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2025.03.02</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-1798</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Особенности современного экономического развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Specifics of Modern Economic Development</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интернационализация экономики Китая: контуры нового ИКТ-индустриального центра мирового хозяйства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Internationalization of China’s Economy: Outlines of a New ICT-industrial Core of the World System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-0054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Борисович Калашников, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры мировой экономики</p><p>проспект Вернадского, д. 76, г. Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis B. Kalashnikov, PhD (Econ.), Associate Professor of World Economy Department</p><p>Vernadskogo Avenue, 76, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kalashnikov@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO – University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калашников Д.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калашников Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalashnikov D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1798">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1798</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи – раскрыть, как новый этап реформирования экономики Китая отразится на его месте в иерархии мирового хозяйства и на само́й архитектуре экономического миропорядка. Для этого проанализированы особенности реализации современных китайских стратегий развития «производительных сил нового качества», «двойной циркуляции», «искусственного интеллекта +» (ИИ), «индустриализации нового типа», а также трендов глобализации, транснационализации компаний Китая, развития международных производственных цепочек. Показано, что в Китае ИИ становится важнейшим фактором производства и конкурентоспособности, который при этом недоступен иностранному бизнесу ни для организации производства, ни для продаж на внутреннем рынке. Кроме того, китайские компании создают за рубежом невидимую в статистике прямых инвестиций производственную сеть всемирного масштаба, контроль над которой основан на технологической зависимости от разработки продукции в Китае. Западные транснациональные корпорации (ТНК) выносят производства из Китая, но при этом попадают в еще большую зависимость от него, так как только Китай может обеспечить поставку всех необходимых материалов и оборудования, которое совместимо лишь с китайскими НИОКР и ИИ. Таким образом, пока западные ТНК конкурируют друг с другом товарами, Китай получает монопольную власть за предоставление всем им само́й возможности быстро, дешево и качественно разрабатывать и производить эти товары. США – пока что мировой лидер в сфере ИИ и его инфра‑ структуры, но в отличие от Китая, имеющего 6 млн фабрик, американский ИИ ограничен в применении. Таким образом, уже происходит трансформация мир-системы, в которой над постиндустриальным Центром уже проявляются контуры более передового ядра. Страны, которые в него войдут, будут считаться развитыми. Предлагается назвать этот новый, четвертый, ярус мирового хозяйства ИКТ-индустриальным, так как в его основе находится ИКТ-инфраструктура, но она создает синергетический эффект только в условиях промышленного суверенитета.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the article is to reveal how the new stage of reforming the Chinese economy will affect its place in the hierarchy of the global economy and the very architecture of the economic world order. To this end, we analyze the features of the implementation of modern Chinese strategies for the development of “new-quality productive forces,” “dual circulation,” “Artificial Intelligence +” (AI), and “newtype industrialization,” as well as trends in globalization, the transnationalization of Chinese companies, and the development of international production chains. It is shown that in China, AI is becoming the most important factor in production and competitiveness, one that is not available to foreign businesses either for organizing production or for sales in the domestic market. In addition, Chinese companies are creating a global-scale production network abroad, invisible in direct investment statistics, with control based on technological dependence on product development in China. Western MNCs are moving production out of China, but at the same time becoming even more dependent on it, since only China can provide the supply of all the necessary materials and equipment, which are compatible only with Chinese R&amp;D and AI. Thus, while Western MNCs compete with each other in goods, China gains monopoly power by providing them with the opportunity to develop and produce these goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently. The United States remains the world leader in AI and its infrastructure, but unlike China, which has six million factories, American AI is limited in its application. Thus, a transformation of the World System is already taking place, in which the outlines of a more advanced Core are emerging above the post-industrial Center. The countries that enter it will be considered developed. It is proposed to call this new, fourth tier of the world economy “ICT-industrial,” since it is based on ICT infrastructure but generates a synergistic effect only under conditions of industrial sovereignty.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>глобальная экономика</kwd><kwd>инновационное развитие</kwd><kwd>производительные силы нового качества</kwd><kwd>транснациональные корпорации</kwd><kwd>глобальные цепочки стоимости</kwd><kwd>мир-система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>global economy</kwd><kwd>innovative development</kwd><kwd>new-quality productive forces</kwd><kwd>transnational corporations</kwd><kwd>GVCs</kwd><kwd>World System</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдокушин Е.Ф., Жуй В. 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