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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2025.02.09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-1736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>США: новые реалии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>USA: new realities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выход США из ЮНЕСКО при первой администрации Д. Трампа: многоуровневый анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The U.S. Withdrawal from UNESCO Under the First Trump Administration: Multilevel Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3344-8501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богдан Алексеевич Авдеев, преподаватель кафедры международных организаций и мировых политических процессов Факультета мировой политики</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan A. Avdeev, Lecturer at the Chair of International Organizations and World Political Processes</p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanavdeew1999@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдеев Б.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avdeev B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1736">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1736</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена проблеме участия США в ЮНЕСКО при первой администрации Д. Трампа. Продвигая на официальном уровне образ гаранта мирового порядка и активного игрока в рамках многосторонних институтов, Соединённые Штаты тем не менее чаще других государств прибегали к резким внешнеполитическим шагам, оказывая на международные организации существенное давление для достижения своих национальных интересов. Эта амбивалентность наиболее ярко проявилась в политике США по отношению к ЮНЕСКО, которая является неотъемлемой частью системы Организации Объединённых Наций (ООН) и вносит значительный вклад в решение глобальных вопросов современности. Целью настоящего исследования является прояснение логики формирования американской внешнеполитической позиции по отношению к этой организации и – шире – к ООН при первой администрации Д.  Трампа. Для этого необходимо ответить на исследовательский вопрос о причинах, побудивших американское руководство прекратить членство в ЮНЕСКО. Решению этой задачи служит методология многоуровневого анализа международных конфликтов, предложенная К. Уолтцем. В результате исследования было установлено, что системные факторы (обострение межгосударственного соперничества в рамках системы ООН и кризис неолиберальной модели глобализации) обусловили нарастание конфликтогенного потенциала в отношениях США и ЮНЕСКО. Вместе с тем они оказались малосодержательными с точки зрения объяснения резкого дипломатического шага администрации Д.  Трампа, направленного на прекращение членства в организации. Особое внимание уделено переменным на первом уровне анализа, а именно прагматичному подходу 45‑го президента и его ближайшего окружения, готовых при любой удобной возможности пересмотреть в одностороннем порядке невыгодные «сделки», тем более если те в том или ином виде ущемляли интересы Израиля. Выявлены вмешивающиеся переменные на втором уровне анализа, позволившие уточнить, почему, несмотря на «систему сдержек и противовесов», республиканской администрации удалось почти беспрепятственно принять решение о прекращении членства в ЮНЕСКО.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the issue of U.S. participation in UNESCO during the first administration of D. Trump. While officially presenting itself as an upholder of the world order and an active participant in multilateral institutions, the United States has more often than others resorted to drastic foreign policy measures, exerting significant pressure on international organizations to advance its national interests. This ambiguity was most evident in U.S. policy towards UNESCO, a specialized UN agency playing an important role in addressing global challenges. The study seeks to clarify the logic behind the American foreign policy stance toward UNESCO addresses and, more broadly, the United Nations under Trump’s first term. In particular, it addresses the reasons that prompted the U.S. leadership to withdraw from UNESCO. The research is based on K. Waltz’s multilevel analysis of international conflicts. The findings indicate that systemic factors – such as the intensification of interstate rivalry within the UN system and the crisis of the neoliberal globalization model – contributed to tensions in U.S.–UNESCO relations. However, their explanatory power is limited, as they do not fully account for the abrupt decision to terminate U.S. membership. Particular attention is given to the first level of analysis, highlighting the pragmatic approach of the 45th president and his inner circle, who were willing to unilaterally reconsider unfavorable “deals”, especially when Israel’s interests were affected. The article also examines second-level variables, explaining why, despite the “system of checks and balances”, the Republican administration was able to make the decision to withdraw from UNESCO with minimal resistance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>ЮНЕСКО</kwd><kwd>Д. Трамп</kwd><kwd>Организация Объединённых Наций</kwd><kwd>международные организации</kwd><kwd>многоуровневый анализ</kwd><kwd>палестино-израильский конфликт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>UNESCO</kwd><kwd>Donald Trump</kwd><kwd>United Nations</kwd><kwd>international organizations</kwd><kwd>multilevel analysis</kwd><kwd>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Б.А. Выход США из ЮНЕСКО при администрации Р. Рейгана: многоуровневый анализ // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXV. 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