centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.31249/kgt/2024.06.09centero-1698Research ArticleПолитические процессы в меняющемся миреPolitical Processes in the Changing WorldГосударственное строительство как поиск онтологической безопасности: случай Хорватии в контексте распада СФРЮState-Building and the Ontological Security Seeking: Croatia in the Context of the Disintegration of the SFRYhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-9987РастегаевД. О.RastegaevD. O.Даниил Олегович РАСТЕГАЕВ

младший научный сотрудник Отдела политической науки

Нахимовский проспект, д. 51/21, г. Москва, 117418

Daniil O. RASTEGAEV

Junior Researcher of the Department of Political Sciences

Nakhimovskiy Avenue, 51/21, Moscow, 117418

Институт научной информации по общественным наукам Российской академии наук (ИНИОН РАН)РоссияInstitute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN)Russian Federation202423072025176147–166Copyright © Растегаев Д.О., 20252025Растегаев Д.О.Rastegaev D.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1698

Статья призвана рассмотреть процесс государственного строительства через призму теории об онтологической безопасности. Идея о поиске акторами устойчивого образа себя в мире позволяет рассмотреть угрозы безопасности сообщества в иных (помимо физического) измерениях. Автор производит попытку концептуализации понятия «рутинизация» – повторения определенных действий, которое призвано вытеснить тревожность и укрепить состояние онтологической безопасности сообщества. Основываясь на идеях Э. Гидденса, Дж. Митцен, Б. Стили и Ф. Эйдуса, автор показывает, что рутина, выстраиваемая как самими акторами, так и per se в силу осуществления межакторного взаимодействия, является базовым методом работы с критическими ситуациями. С другой стороны, именно критические ситуации формируют канал смены рутин. Рассматриваемый случай Хорватии в контексте распада социалистической Югославии позволяет проиллюстрировать идею о государственном строительстве как поиске онтологической безопасности. Критическая ситуация, связанная со сломом рутин «братства и единства», охарактеризовалась реактуализацией этнических противоречий; наиболее эффективно рассматривать развитие ситуации через взаимодействие четырех акторов: Ф. Туджмана, С. Милошевича, хорватов и сербов. Реакцией Ф. Туджмана на критическую ситуацию стало формирование рутин «франьонизма», главным выражением которого стало противопоставление хорватов и сербов, а также деконструкция югославского прошлого. Государственное строительство в духе «франьонизма», впрочем, привело не только к росту онтологической безопасности хорватов, но и к формированию новой критической ситуации между хорватами и сербами, разрешение которой привело к полноценному вооруженному конфликту. 

The article examines the process of state-building through the prism of the theory of ontological security. The idea that actors seek a stable image of themselves in the world allows for the consideration of threats to community security in non-physical dimensions. The author attempts to conceptualize the notion of “routinization” – the repetition of certain actions aimed at bracketing out anxiety and strengthening the ontological security of the community. Drawing on the ideas of A. Giddens, J. Mitzen, B. Steele, and F. Ejdus, the author argues that routine, constructed both by the actors themselves and through inter-actor interaction, is a fundamental method of coping with critical situations. At the same time, it is precisely critical situations that create opportunities for changing existing routines. The case of Croatia in the context of the collapse of socialist Yugoslavia illustrates the idea of state-building as the pursuit of ontological security.The critical situation associated with the breakdown of the routines of “brotherhood and unity” was marked by the reactivation of ethnic tensions. It is thus most effective to analyze the development of this critical situation through the interaction of four actors: F. Tuđman, S. Milošević, Croats, and Serbs. F. Tuđman played a significant role in shaping the routines of “Franjonism” as a response to the critical situation. “Franjonism” was expressed through the opposition between Croats and Serbs, and the deconstruction of Yugoslavia’s past within Croatia. State-building in the spirit of “Franjonism,” however, not only increased the ontological security of Croats but also led to the emergence of a new critical situation between Croats and Serbs, the resolution of which escalated into a fullscale armed conflict. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.