centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.31249/kgt/2024.03.08centero-1533Research ArticleПостсоветское пространствоPost-Soviet SpaceЭкономико-географический генезис бедности в Таджикистане: потенциал экономического роста при сохранении социальных диспропорцийEconomic and Geographical Genesis of Poverty in Tajikistan: Potential for Economic Growth While Maintaining Social Disparitieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-3235АржаевФ. И.ArzhaevF. I.

Федор Игоревич АРЖАЕВ, кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института исследований международных экономических отношений 

Ленинградский проспект, д. 49/2, г. Москва, 125167

Fedor I. ARZHAEV, PhD, Senior Researcher, Institute for International Economic Relations Research

Leningradskiy Avenue, 49/2, Moscow, 125167

Fedor.arzhaev@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7602-3800БорискинВ. Э.BoriskinV. E.

Владимир Эдуардович БОРИСКИН, студент, Институт стран Азии и Африки

ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 1, г. Москва, 125009

Vladimir E. BORISKIN, Student, Institute of Asian and African Countries

Mokhovaya Street, 11, Building 1, Moscow, 125009

w.bohrerman@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации»РоссияFinancial University under the Government of the Russian FederationRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202431012025173149–168Copyright © Аржаев Ф.И., Борискин В.Э., 20252025Аржаев Ф.И., Борискин В.Э.Arzhaev F.I., Boriskin V.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1533

Проблема бедности в Таджикистане, несмотря на попытки ее решения, остается актуальной и сегодня. Прогресс в этом вопросе, безусловно, заметен, но принимаемые решения в части социальной политики имеют сомнительную эффективность и направлены скорее на снижение уровня бедности на бумаге, чем на выявление и устранение ее причин. В связи с этим исключительно важно определить реальные причины сохранения бедности в стране, понять, является ли она системной и каково влияние на нее географического фактора. Исходя из этого определена цель исследования – анализ причин сохранения бедности и доказательство гипотезы о том, что ключевыми факторами сохранения бедности являются социальные диспропорции и экономико-географическое положение страны. Для достижения поставленной цели решен ряд задач, в частности, доказано, что экономический рост в стране не влияет на уровень бедности, выявлены следующие основные факторы сохранения бедности: экономическое неравенство, низкое качество образования и нехватка квалифицированных специалистов на внутреннем рынке, рост населения, низкая доля промышленного сектора в экономике, высокая зависимость от экспорта трудовой силы и динамики развития основного рынка этого экспорта – России. Помимо этого, выявлено, что Таджикистан характеризуется периферийным экономико-географическим положением и экзогенные относительно его экономики факторы не могут оказывать серьезное влияние на бедность. Исходя из полученных в процессе решения задач результатов, разработаны рекомендации по изменению задач развития экономики страны – с достижения экономического роста на социальное развитие.

The problem of poverty in Tajikistan, despite attempts to solve it, remains relevant today. Progress in this matter is certainly noticeable, but the decisions made in terms of social policy are of questionable effectiveness and are aimed more at reducing the level of poverty on paper than at identifying and eliminating its causes. In this regard, it is extremely important to determine the real reasons for the persistence of poverty in the country, to understand whether it is systemic and what is the influence of the geographical factor on it. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons for the persistence of poverty and prove the hypothesis that the key factors in the persistence of poverty are social disparities and the economic and geographical position of the country. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks have been solved, in particular, it has been proven that economic growth in the country does not affect the level of poverty, the following main factors for the persistence of poverty have been identified: economic inequality, low quality of education and lack of qualified specialists in the domestic market, population growth, low share industrial sector in the economy, high dependence on labor exports and the dynamics of development of the main market for this export, i.e. Russia. In addition, it was revealed that Tajikistan is characterized by a peripheral economic and geographical location and factors exogenous to its economy cannot have a serious impact on poverty. Based on the results obtained in the process of solving problems, recommendations have been developed for changing the objectives of the country’s economic development from achieving economic growth to social development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.