centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.31249/kgt/2024.03.04centero-1529Research ArticleС точки зрения экономикиFrom the Point of EconomicsЦифровые валюты центральных банков: перспективы и вызовы в новой экономике (практический опыт КНР)Digital Currencies of Central Banks: Prospects and Challenges in the New Economy (Practical Experience of China)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-3000УмаровХ. С.UmarovH. S.

Хусан Суннатуллаевич УМАРОВ кандидат экономических наук, генеральный директор 

ул. Бориса Пастернака, д. 10, г. Москва, 108849

Husan S. UMAROV, PhD (Econ.), CEO

Borisa Pasternaka Street, 10, Moscow, 108849

husan@kvell.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-548XСоколоваЕ. С.SokolovaE. S.

Елизавета Сергеевна СОКОЛОВА, доктор экономических наук, профессор, заместитель руководителя Департамента мировой экономики и мировых финансов

Ленинградский проспект, д. 49/2, г. Москва, 125167

Elizaveta S. SOKOLOVA, Dr.Sc. (Econ.), Professor, Deputy Director of the World Economy and International Finance Department

Leningradskiy Avenue, 49/2, Moscow, 125167

sokolovaes@mail.ruООО «Квелл»РоссияООО “KVELL”Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации»РоссияFinancial University under the Government of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20243101202517368–88Copyright © Умаров Х.С., Соколова Е.С., 20252025Умаров Х.С., Соколова Е.С.Umarov H.S., Sokolova E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1529

Целью исследования ставится анализ как предпосылок, так и последствий внедрения цифровых валют, которые повлияли на революционное изменение мирового финансового ландшафта. Для достижения поставленных целей авторами выдвинуты следующие задачи: на примере киберюаня в КНР проанализировать современные практики внедрения цифровых национальных валют, рассмотреть ключевые отличия цифровых национальных финансовых валют (CBDC) от денежных средств и криптовалют, изучить причины потенциальных затруднений в процессе ввода в эксплуатацию центральных цифровых валют, которые привели к закрытию проектов CBDC в ряде стран. Оценивая опыт мирового внедрения CBDC в оборот, авторы рассматривают факторы, которые напрямую влияют на выбор дизайна цифровых валют. Авторы подчеркивают возможность достижения с помощью цифровых валют центральных банков таких актуальных задач, как преодоление последствий пандемии COVID-19 и мировой стагнации финансовых рынков в 2020–2021 гг., борьба с последствиями санкционных ограничительных мер в отношении китайских финансовых рынков, сдерживание доминирующей роли американского доллара и снижение финансовых издержек участников. К основным выводам статьи относится осознание необходимости установления правового статуса цифровых центральных валют и повышения финансовой осведомленности потенциальных и реальных пользователей цифровых валют, обеспечения технической и нормативной совместимости цифровых валют центральных банков, широкого использования передовых технологий распределенных реестров для защиты конфиденциальности данных и обеспечения строгой аутентификации платежей.

The aim of the study is to analyze both the prerequisites and the consequences of the introduction of digital currencies, which influenced the revolutionary change in the global financial landscape. To achieve these goals, the authors have put forward the following tasks: using the example of cyberyuan in China to analyze modern practices of introducing digital national currencies, consider the key differences between a central bank digital currency (CBDC) and cash and cryptocurrencies, study the causes of potential difficulties in the commissioning of central digital currencies, which led to the closure of CBDC projects in a number of countries. Assessing the experience of the global introduction of CBDCs into circulation, the authors examine the factors that directly affect the choice of design of digital currencies. The authors emphasize the possibility of achieving such urgent tasks with the help of digital currencies of central banks as overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global stagnation of financial markets in 2020–2021, combating the consequences of sanction restrictive measures against the Chinese financial markets, curbing the dominant role of the American dollar and reducing financial costs of the participants.

The main conclusions of the article include the awareness of the need to establish the legal status of digital central currencies, increase financial awareness of potential and real users of digital currencies, ensure technical and regulatory compatibility of digital currencies of central banks, widespread use of advanced distributed ledger technologies to protect data confidentiality and ensure strict authentication of payments.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.