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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2024.02.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-1467</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Международное и национальное право</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>International and Internal Law</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция формы ТНК в контексте функционального анализа права</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Form of the Multinational Enterprises: The Evolution in the Context of the Functional Analysis of Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-6059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна НОВИКОВА, кандидат юридических наук, доцент департамента правового регулирования бизнеса</p><p>Большой Трехсвятительский переулок, д. 3, г. Москва, 109028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. NOVIKOVA, PhD (Law), Associate Professor of the School of Legal Regulation of Business of the Faculty of Law</p><p>Bolshoi Tryokhsvyatitelsky Lane, 3, Moscow,  109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mailandlaw@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1467">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1467</self-uri><abstract><p>В этой статье мы определяем два новых этапа эволюции правовой формы транснациональных корпораций (ТНК): появление офшорных империй к концу XX в. и возникновение нового класса ТНК за последнее десятилетие. В первой части статьи мы исследуем постепенное изменение параметров, связанных с единством экономического содержания ТНК, а во второй части – параметров, связанных с юридической множественностью формы ТНК, используя методы функционального анализа права (law-and-economics). Наш анализ показывает, что каждый этап развития правовой формы ТНК соответствует изменениям по всем выбранным параметрам. Кроме того, происходит существенное изменение в соотношении между правовой формой ТНК и экономической сущностью транснациональной фирмы. Это позволило нам сделать вывод о том, что размер фирмы не является необходимым признаком формы ТНК, но представляет собой важный дополнительный критерий для определения сферы действия регулирующих актов. Вместе с тем одним из ключевых факторов, влияющих на форму ТНК, мы считаем оптимизацию регуляторной нагрузки, в составе которой на данном этапе ярко проявляются и санкционные ограничения. Различия между новыми и старыми формами ТНК во многом являются результатом технологической трансформации и проявляются не только в несовпадении, но и в подвижности границ как фирмы в экономическом смысле, так и в юридической форме ТНК. Мы приходим к выводу, что требуется комплексный, межотраслевой подход к юридической форме ТНК. Понимание особенностей нового класса ТНК расширяет поле для поиска новых концептуальных решений. Со стороны государства инициируются экспериментальные правовые режимы, в то время как предприниматели создают квазипубличные и квазикорпоративные структуры, функционирование которых основывается на новых технологиях и квазиправе (стандартах, обычаях, мягком праве). Это в конечном итоге приводит к переосмыслению понятия нормативности</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, we identify two recent stages in the evolution of the legal form of multinational enterprises (MNEs): the rise of offshore empires by the late 20th century and the emergence of neo-MNEs in the past decade. We examine the gradual shift in the parameters linked to the economic substance unity of MNEs (Part 1) and those associated with their legal multiplicity (Part 2), within the context of the law’s functional analysis. Our findings have revealed that each MNE’s form developmental stage corresponds to changes in all the selected parameters. Furthermore, we note significant changes in the relationship between the MNE’s legal form and its economic substance. This has led us to conclude that the firm’s size is not a necessary characteristic of the MNEs’ form, but serves as a crucial additional criterion for defining the scope of regulatory measures. Simultaneously, optimization of regulatory burdens including the growing importance of sanction compliance is a key factor of forming the MNEs. The differences between new and old MNEs’ forms are primarily the result of technological transformations, reflecting not only a mismatch but also a fluidity in the economic and legal boundaries of MNEs (Part 3). In conclusion, a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach is required for the legal form of MNEs. Understanding the specifics of neo-MNEs broadens the search scope for new conceptual solutions. States initiate experimental legal regimes, while entrepreneurs develop quasi-public and quasi-corporate structures based on new technologies and quasi-law (standards, customs, soft law). This approach eventually prompts a reevaluation of the normativity concept</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транснациональные корпорации (ТНК)</kwd><kwd>корпоративное право</kwd><kwd>экономический анализ права</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>деофшоризация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transnational corporations</kwd><kwd>multinational enterprises (MNE)</kwd><kwd>corporate law</kwd><kwd>law-and-economics</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>de-offshorization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х., Гуляева Е.Е., Трикоз Е.Н. Техника и практика международного нормотворчества: обзор материалов Международной конференции ESIL // RUDN Journal of Law. – 2022. – Т. 26, № 2. – С. 508–527. – DOI: 10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-2-508-527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashidze A.Kh., Gulyaeva E.E., Tricoz E.N. 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