<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">centero</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0240</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9324</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Center for Crisis Society Studies</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/kgt/2024.01.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">centero-1428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>США: новые реалии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>USA: new realities</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>США: ренессанс забастовочных форм борьбы за права трудящихся</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The USA: Renaissance of Strike Forms of Struggle for Workers’ Rights</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-2101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Травкина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Travkina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Михайловна Травкина, доктор политических наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель Центра внутриполитических исследований</p><p>Хлебный пер., д. 2/3, г. Москва, 121069.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya M. Travkina, Dr. Sc. (Political Sciences), Head of the Center for Internal Political Studies,</p><p>Khlebny per., 2/3, Moscow, 121069.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.travkina@iskran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт США и Канады Российской академии наук (ИСКРАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the USA and Canada of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Травкина Н.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Травкина Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Travkina N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1428">https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1428</self-uri><abstract><p>Заметный рост как числа забастовщиков, так и количества забастовок в США, охвативших все регионы, объясняется сложным диалектическим взаимоотношением процессов глобализации и деглобализации, при которых тенденции к деглобализации американской экономики начинают оказывать всё большее воздействие на устоявшиеся с 1990-х годов формы отношений между трудом и капиталом. Деглобализация может трактоваться как обращение вспять тенденций социально-экономического и политического развития американского общества, сформировавшихся на протяжении 20–25 лет с начала 1990-х годов. Реверсивный характер социально-экономических процессов в США означает возрождение многих традиционных видов противоречий между трудом и капиталом, характерных для периода, в котором основным фактором экономического роста и развития была национальная экономика, и которые были отодвинуты на периферию отношений труда и капитала глобализационными процессами. Следует также иметь в виду действие факторов научно-технического прогресса, в частности развитие искусственного интеллекта, и демографических сдвигов, в том числе колоссальный приток незаконных иммигрантов в период 2021–2023 гг., которые проявляют себя до известной степени автономно по отношению как к глобализации, так и деглобализации. Важнейшей движущей силой деглобализации в США считается коронавирусная пандемия, которая обострила отношения социальных низов и социальных верхов Америки. Основные требования бастующих американских работников – повышение заработной платы и должностных окладов, расширение пакета социальных услуг, главным образом медицинских, и упорядочение управляющими кадрового состава фирм и предприятий – также выступают в форме «вневременных требований» фактора труда к фактору капитала, которые неизменно присутствовали в истории забастовочного движения США начиная с 1880-х годов. Тем не менее принципиально важной особенностью современного забастовочного движения является то, что эпицентром забастовок является не промышленность, а сфера услуг – информационных, образовательных, торговых, сферы здравоохранения, что также является признаком роста значимости национальной экономики. Усиление роли и значения забастовочного движения в США в последние годы является симптомом общего обострения взаимоотношений между трудом и капиталом в условиях растущей политической поляризации американского общества, проистекающей от усиливающегося конфронтационного характера противостояния поборников либерального неоглобализма и консервативных антиглобалистов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The noticeable increase in both the number of strikers and the number of strikes in the United States, which have covered all American regions, is explained by complex dialectical relationships between the processes of globalization and deglobalization, in which trends towards deglobalization of the American economy are beginning to have an increasing impact on the forms of relations between labor and capital. Deglobalization can be interpreted as a reversal of trends in the socio-economic and political development of the American society that have formed over the course of 20–25 years since the early 1990s. The reverse nature of socio-economic processes in the United States means the revival of many traditional types of contradictions between labor and capital. These contradictions are characteristic of the period in which the main factor of economic growth and development was the national economy and which were pushed to the periphery of the relations between labor and capital by globalization processes. It should also be borne in mind the influence of factors of scientific and technological progress, in particular the development of artificial intelligence, and demographic shifts, in particular, the colossal influx of illegal immigrants in the period 2021–2023, in American society, which manifest themselves to a certain extent autonomously in relation to both to globalization and deglobalization. The most important driving force behind deglobalization in the United States is the coronavirus pandemic, which aggravated the relations between the social lower classes and the social upper classes in America. The main demands of striking American workers such as increasing wages and salaries, expanding the package of social services, mainly medical, and streamlining the personnel of firms and enterprises by managers also appear in the form of «timeless demands» of the labor factor to the capital factor, which have always been present in history strike movement in the United States since the 1880s. However, currently the epicenter of strikes is not the manufacturing, but the service sector, that is – information, education, trade, healthcare sector. And it is also a sign of the growing importance of the national economy. The increasing role and significance of the strike movement in the United States in recent years is a symptom of a general worsening of the relationship between labor and capital in the context of the growing political polarization of the American society that stems from the increasing confrontational nature of the opposition between the champions of liberal neo-globalism and conservative anti-globalists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>деглобализация</kwd><kwd>забастовочное движение</kwd><kwd>профсоюзы</kwd><kwd>требования бастующих</kwd><kwd>коллективные договоры</kwd><kwd>промышленность</kwd><kwd>сфера услуг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>globalization</kwd><kwd>deglobalization</kwd><kwd>strike movement</kwd><kwd>trade unions</kwd><kwd>strikers’ demands</kwd><kwd>collective agreements</kwd><kwd>industry</kwd><kwd>service sector</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abouharb R., Fordham B. Trade and Strike Activity in the Postwar United States // Social Sciences. – 2020. – November. – P. 1–25. – DOI: 10.3390/socsci9110198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abouharb R., Fordham B. Trade and Strike Activity in the Postwar United States // Social Sciences. – 2020. – November. – P. 1–25. – DOI: 10.3390/socsci9110198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doellgast V., Bidwell M., Colvin A. New Directions in Employment Relations Theory: Understanding Fragmentation, Identity, and Legitimacy // IRL Review. – 2021. – Vol. 74, N 3. – P. 555–579. – DOI: 10.1177/0019793921993445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doellgast V., Bidwell M., Colvin A. New Directions in Employment Relations Theory: Understanding Fragmentation, Identity, and Legitimacy // IRL Review. – 2021. – Vol. 74, N 3. – P. 555–579. – DOI: 10.1177/0019793921993445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freyre J. Current State of United Auto Workers Strike and Demands // Michigan Journal of Economics. – 2023. – October 25. – URL: https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mje/2023/10/25/current-stateof-united-auto-workers-strike-and-demands/ (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freyre J. Current State of United Auto Workers Strike and Demands // Michigan Journal of Economics. – 2023. – October 25. – URL: https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mje/2023/10/25/current-stateof-united-auto-workers-strike-and-demands/ (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldberg P., Reed T. Is the Global Economy Deglobalizing? And if so, why? And what is next? // World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper. – 2023. – N 10392. – I, 49 p. – URL: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813–9450–10392.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldberg P., Reed T. Is the Global Economy Deglobalizing? And if so, why? And what is next? // World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper. – 2023. – N 10392. – I, 49 p. – URL: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813–9450–10392.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helpman E. Globalization and Wage Inequality // NBER Working Paper. – 2016. – N 22944. – I, 47 p. – URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22944 (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helpman E. Globalization and Wage Inequality // NBER Working Paper. – 2016. – N 22944. – I, 47 p. – URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22944 (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James H. Deglobalization: The Rise of Disembedded Unilateralism // Annual Review of Financial Economics. – 2018. – Vol. 10, N 1. – P. 219–237. – DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-110217–022625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James H. Deglobalization: The Rise of Disembedded Unilateralism // Annual Review of Financial Economics. – 2018. – Vol. 10, N 1. – P. 219–237. – DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-110217–022625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kallas J., Gradega L., Friedman E. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2021. – ILR Worker Institute, 2022. – 14 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2022–02/ilr-labor-action-tracker-annual-report-2021_1.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kallas J., Gradega L., Friedman E. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2021. – ILR Worker Institute, 2022. – 14 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2022–02/ilr-labor-action-tracker-annual-report-2021_1.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kallas J., Ritchie K., Friedman E. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2022. – ILR Worker Institute, 2023. – 16 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2023–02/ILR%20Labor%20Action%20Tracker%202022%20Final%201–20–23%20Rev.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kallas J., Ritchie K., Friedman E. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2022. – ILR Worker Institute, 2023. – 16 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2023–02/ILR%20Labor%20Action%20Tracker%202022%20Final%201–20–23%20Rev.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul T. The Specter of Deglobalization // Current History. – 2023. – January. – P. 3–8. – DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul T. The Specter of Deglobalization // Current History. – 2023. – January. – P. 3–8. – DOI: 10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchie K., Kallas J., Iyer D. K. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2023. – ILR Worker Institute – University of Illinois Urbana Champain, 2024. – 15 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2024–02/Labor-Action-Tracker-2023-Annual-Report.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchie K., Kallas J., Iyer D. K. Labor Action Tracker. Annual Report 2023. – ILR Worker Institute – University of Illinois Urbana Champain, 2024. – 15 p. – URL: https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files-d8/2024–02/Labor-Action-Tracker-2023-Annual-Report.pdf (дата обращения: 20.02.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senses M. Globalization and US Labour Markets // Economics and Policy in the Age of Trump/Ed. by Ch. Bown. – London: CEPR Press, 2017. – P. 49–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senses M. Globalization and US Labour Markets // Economics and Policy in the Age of Trump/Ed. by Ch. Bown. – London: CEPR Press, 2017. – P. 49–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superfirms/Auton D., Dorn D., Katz L., Patterson Ch., Van Reenen J. // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. – 2020. – May. – P. 645–709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superfirms/Auton D., Dorn D., Katz L., Patterson Ch., Van Reenen J. // The Quarterly Journal of Economics. – 2020. – May. – P. 645–709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Bergeijk P., Van der Hoeven R. Deglobalization and Labour: A New Era? // Global Labour in Distress, Volume I/еd. by P. Goulart, R. Ramos, G. Ferrittu. Palgrave Readers in Economics. – New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. – P. 195–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Bergeijk P., Van der Hoeven R. Deglobalization and Labour: A New Era? // Global Labour in Distress, Volume I/еd. by P. Goulart, R. Ramos, G. Ferrittu. Palgrave Readers in Economics. – New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. – P. 195–200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
