centeroКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, правоOutlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law2542-02402587-9324Center for Crisis Society Studies10.31249/kgt/2022.06.08centero-1303Research ArticleАзия: вызовы и перспективыAsia: Challenges and PerspectivesСистема квотирования и торговли квотами на выбросы парниковых газов: китайское воплощениеGreenhouse Gas Emission Cap-and-Trade Programmes: the Chinese Incarnationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-9009БеляеваМ. А.BelyaevaM. A.

Мария Андреевна Беляева - аналитик Международного центра конкурентного права и политики БРИКСПокровский бульвар, д. 11, г. Москва, 109028

Maria A. Belyaeva - Analyst, BRICS Competition Law and Policy Centre Pokrovsky Boulevard, 11, Moscow, 109028

mbelyaeva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-7251РовновЮ. Е.RovnovYu. Y.

Юрий Евгеньевич Ровнов - старший научный сотрудник Института права и развития ВШЭ–Сколково; старший преподаватель департамента международного права факультета праваПокровский бульвар, д. 11, г. Москва, 109028

Yury Y. Rovnov - Senior Research Fellow, HSE–Skolkovo Institute for Law and Development; Senior Lecturer, Department of International Law, Faculty of LawPokrovsky Boulevard, 11, Moscow, 109028

yrovnov@hse.ruФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет "Высшая школа экономики"» (НИУ ВШЭ)РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation202228102023156152170Copyright © Беляева М.А., Ровнов Ю.Е., 20232023Беляева М.А., Ровнов Ю.Е.Belyaeva M.A., Rovnov Y.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/1303

В статье представлен обзор функционирования китайской национальной системы квотирования и торговли квотами на выбросы парниковых газов, запущенной в июле 2021г. Показано, что, хотя в целом параметры системы соответствуют аналогичным системам (например, системы торговли выбросами ЕС) на их начальном этапе развития (акцент на предприятия электроэнергетики, бесплатное распределение квот), есть и отдельные отличия. В частности, предусмотрено не только сокращение, но и увеличение размера квот, а выход за пределы квоты более чем на 20% не облагается штрафом. При этом предприятия газовой генерации вообще не штрафуются. Подробно описана методика расчета квот для различных видов генерирующих предприятий (по методу «снизу вверх»). Ожидается перезапуск системы сертификации единиц добровольного сокращения выбросов (CCER), приостановленной в 2017  г. Сертифицироваться в  обновленной системе будут только лесные проекты, проекты возобновляемых источников энергии и полезной утилизации метана. Отдельно отмечены перспективы запуска международной биржи и  допуска иностранных участников к торгам.

The article offers an overview of China’s national cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gas emissions launched in July 2021. Although generally in line with the design of similar systems (e.g., EU ETS) at their early stages (focus on coal- and gasfired power plants, free allocation of allowances), China’s ETS features a few distinctions. Notably, regulations provide for an increase in allocated allowances in certain cases and a fixed fine on installations emitting in excess of 120% of their allowance, while gas-fired plants are not sanctioned at all. The article presents the bottom-up allowance calculation method used by the regulator for various types of installations and engages with the China Certified Emission Reductions scheme, suspended in 2017 and expected to be relaunched in the near future – if with a limited industry scope covering forestry, renewable energy and methane utilization projects. The prospects of China launching an international carbon exchange and granting access to foreign buyers and sellers are also discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.